Study 1 | Study 2 | |||||
Controls | COPD | p Value | Stable | Exacerbation | p Value | |
Measures of platelet activation | ||||||
Platelet-monocyte aggregates, % | 19.5 (4.0) | 25.3 (8.3) | 0.01 | 25.5 (6.4) | 32.0 (11.0) | 0.03 |
P-selectin expression, % | 1.1 (0.8) | 1.6 (1.2) | 0.16 | 0.8 (1.2) | 1.4 (2.1) | 0.40 |
Soluble P-selectin, ng/ml | 53.0 (22.2) | 56.5 (20.3) | 0.65 | 53.5 (17.8) | 61.5 (20.8) | 0.56 |
Haematological indices | ||||||
Leucocytes, cells, ×109/l | 5.3 (1.3) | 7.0 (1.4) | 0.23 | 7.9 (1.6) | 14.8 (3.2) | <0.001 |
Monocytes, ×109/l | 0.5 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.001 | 0.7 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.3) | 0.001 |
Haemoglobin, g/l | 139 (11) | 141 (13) | 0.03 | 136 (9) | 138 (12) | 0.40 |
Haematocrit | 0.4 (0.03) | 0.4 (0.03) | 0.004 | 0.4 (0.02) | 0.4 (0.04) | 0.41 |
Platelets, ×109/l | 196 (31) | 262 (68) | 0.001 | 290 (54) | 333 (127) | 0.09 |
D-dimer, ng/ml | 341 (202) | 373 (137) | 0.63 | |||
Fibrinogen, mg/dl | 2.7 (0.5) | 2.8 (0.5) | 0.49 | |||
Biochemistry | ||||||
Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 4.9 (0.9) | 5.5 (0.7) | 0.03 | 5.4 (1.4) | ||
Glucose, mmol/l | 5.2 (0.6) | 5.1 (0.6) | 0.71 | 5.5 (1.7) | ||
C-reactive protein, mg/l* | 1.0 (0.5–3.2) | 2.1 (1.3–5.4) | 0.03 | 2.8 (1.6–8.2) | 41 (4–103) | 0.01 |
Arterial oxygenation, kPa | 12.3 (1.6) | 10.5 (1.7) | 0.004 |
Values are mean (SD) unless indicated otherwise.
p Values calculated using independent samples t test in study 1 and paired t tests in study 2. C-reactive protein was log-transformed for analysis.
* Median (IQR).