Decline in FEV1 and FVC over a 20-year follow-up in British men aged 40–59 years in 1978–1980 according to childhood social class
| Childhood social class | Adjusted for age and baseline values | Further adjusted adult social class | Further adjusted for baseline cigarette smoking | Further adjusted for baseline BMI, physical activity, bronchitis, asthma |
| Mean change in FEV1 in litres (SE) (N=3619) | ||||
| Non-manual (n=1056) | −0.77 (0.01) | −0.80 (0.01) | −0.81 (0.01) | −0.81 (0.01) |
| Manual (n=2563) | −0.89 (0.01) | −0.88 (0.01) | −0.88 (0.01) | −0.88 (0.01) |
| Mean difference (95% CI) Manual versus non-manual | −0.13 (−0.16 to −0.09) | −0.08 (−0.11 to −0.04) | −0.07 (−0.10 to −0.03) | −0.07 (−0.10 to −0.03) |
| p Value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Mean change in FVC in litres (SE) (N=3620) | ||||
| Non-manual (n=1056) | −1.04 (0.02) | −1.08 (0.02) | −1.08 (0.02) | −1.08 (0.02) |
| Manual (n=2564) | −1.14 (0.01) | −1.12 (0.01) | −1.12 (0.01) | −1.12 (0.01) |
| Mean difference (95% CI) Manual versus non-manual | −0.09 (−0.14 to −0.05) | −0.05 (−0.09 to 0.0002) | −0.04 (−0.08 to 0.009) | −0.04 (−0.08 to 0.006) |
| p Value | <0.001 | 0.05 | 0.011 | 0.09 |