Anxiety and COPD-related health outcomes: potential mediation by disease severity
| Outcome measure | Change in each outcome for anxious vs non-anxious* | |
| Multivariable adjusted* | Multivariable adjusted + COPD severity† | |
| Physical health status (points) | −4.66 (−6.44 to −2.89) | −2.61 (−4.12 to −1.10) |
| p<0.0001 | p=0.0007 | |
| Disease-specific HRQL (points) | 3.31 (2.62 to 4.00) | 2.39 (1.83 to 2.94) |
| p<0.0001 | p<0.00001 | |
| Distance walked in 6 min (feet) | −66.3 (−127.3 to −5.36) | 8.1 (−38.4 to 54.6) |
| p=0.033 | p=0.73 | |
| Risk of self-reported physical functional limitations | OR 2.41 (1.71 to 3.41) | OR 1.99 (1.34 to 2.95) |
| p<0.0001 | p=0.0007 | |
| Longitudinal risk of COPD exacerbation | HR 1.39 (1.007 to 1.90) | HR 1.052 (0.76 to 1.45) |
| p=0.045 | p=0.76 | |
Multivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex, race, educational attainment, household income and smoking history.
↵* This column summarises multivariable results from tables 4 and 5 for comparison with severity-adjusted results.
↵† Models also include both COPD severity score and BODE index as measures of COPD severity.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HRQL, health-related quality of life.