Impact of anxiety on patient-centred outcomes in COPD
| Outcome measure | Change in each outcome for anxious vs non-anxious* | |
| Unadjusted | Multivariable adjusted | |
| Physical health status (points) | −6.24 (−8.03 to −4.44) | −4.66 (−6.44 to −2.89) |
| p<0.0001 | p<0.0001 | |
| Disease-specific HRQL (points) | 4.23 (3.56 to 4.95) | 3.31 (2.62 to 4.00) |
| p<0.0001 | p<0.0001 | |
| Distance walked in 6 min (feet) | −94.6 (−157.7 to −31.5) | −66.3 (−127.3 to −5.36) |
| p=0.0033 | p=0.033 | |
| Risk of self-reported physical functional limitations† | OR 2.93 (2.12 to 4.05) | OR 2.41 (1.71 to 3.41) |
| p<0.0001 | p<0.0001 | |
Physical health status was measured using the SF-12 Physical Component Summary Score (higher scores reflect better status).
Disease-specific HRQL was measured with the Airways Questionnaire 20-R (higher scores reflect poorer status).
Distance walked in 6 min (feet) was measured using the 6-min walk test.
Self-reported functional limitations were assessed using a battery of basic physical activities (see Methods section).
All multivariable analyses controlled for age, sex, race, educational attainment, household income and smoking history.
↵* Physical health status, disease-specific HRQL and distance walked in 6 min were analysed using linear regression analysis; results are expressed as mean change in each outcome measure in the group with anxiety vs referent group.
↵† Self-reported functional limitations were analysed with logistic regression analysis; results are expressed as OR for the anxious group vs non-anxious group.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HRQL, health-related quality of life.