Antibiotic treatment and clinical outcomes by study group
| Treatment and outcomes | Pneumococcal pneumonia presenting with shock (n = 114) | Pneumococcal pneumonia without shock (n = 927) | p Value |
| No. (%) | No. (%) | ||
| Initial antibiotic treatment | |||
| β-Lactam monotherapy | 52 (45.6) | 566 (61.1) | 0.002 |
| β-Lactam + macrolide or fluoroquinolone | 55 (48.2) | 246 (26.5) | <0.001 |
| Levofloxacin | 6 (5.2) | 100 (10.8) | 0.071 |
| Other | 1 (0.8) | 15 (1.6) | 1.00 |
| Door-to-needle antibiotic time in hours, median (range) | 5.00 (1–20) | 5.00 (1–22) | 0.057 |
| Bacteraemia | 47 (41.2) | 275 (29.7) | 0.014 |
| Intensive care unit admission | 55 (48.2) | 64 (6.9) | <0.001 |
| Need for mechanical ventilation | 42 (36.8) | 41 (4.4) | <0.001 |
| Length of hospital stay in days, median (range) | 11 (1–89) | 8 (1–97) | <0.001 |
| Early case fatality rate | 11 (9.6) | 8 (0.9) | <0.001 |
| Overall case fatality rate | 29 (25.4) | 48 (5.2) | <0.001 |