Recorded cause of death | p Value | ||
Lung cancer (ICD9 162)(n = 46) | All other causes(n = 442) | ||
Sex, n (%) male | 40 (87.0%) | 281 (63.6%) | <0.001 |
Mean (SD) age at entry (years) | 65.8 (7.7) | 69.6 (9.3) | 0.01 |
Mean (SD) age at death (years) | 68.4 (7.0) | 72.2 (9.2) | 0.01 |
Presentation | |||
Breathlessness, n (%) | 37 (80.4%) | 403 (91.2%) | 0.02 |
Median (range) duration of breathlessness (months) | 12 (1–60) | 10 (1–84) | 0.85 |
Cough, n (%) | 28 (60.9%) | 337 (76.2%) | 0.02 |
Median (range) duration of cough (months) | 6 (1–60) | 7 (1–84) | 0.93 |
Chronic bronchitis (MRC*), n (%) | 10 (21.7%) | 86 (19.5%) | 0.72 |
Exercise grade, n (%) | 8 (17.4%) | 36 (8.1%) | 0.12 (0.01†) |
Normal | 17 (37.0%) | 129 (29.2%) | |
Breathless up hill | 8 (17.4%) | 95 (21.5%) | |
Breathless on level | 11 (23.9%) | 137 (31.0%) | |
Breathless walking slowly | 2 (4.4%) | 45 (10.2%) | |
Breathless at rest | |||
Clubbing, n (%) | 31 (67.4%) | 219 (49.7%) | 0.02 |
Ischaemic heart disease, n (%) | 14 (31.3%) | 77 (17.5%) | 0.03 |
Exposures | |||
Smoking history, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
Current | 19 (41.3%) | 72 (16.3%) | (<0.001†) |
Ex-smoker | 25 (54.4%) | 260 (58.8%) | |
Non-smoker | 2 (4.4%) | 110 (24.9%) | |
Ever smoked, n (%) | 44 (95.7%) | 332 (75.1%) | 0.002 |
*Defined as “a cough productive of sputum for at least three months of two consecutive years”.39
†p value for trend.