Association between lung function decline and TB clinical characteristics among TB cases* (n=185)
| Mean (95% CI) height-adjusted decline in FEV1 (ml/year) | Mean (95% CI) height-adjusted decline in FVC (ml/year) | |
| No of zones of x-ray affected at diagnosis | ||
| 4–6 vs 1–3 | 63.5† (37.5 to 89.4) | 27.4 (−2.4 to 57.2)‡ |
| Treatment category | ||
| Retreatment vs new | 23.2 (−3.6 to 50.1) | 10.6 (−18.5 to 39.6) |
| Site of disease | ||
| Pulmonary + extrapulmonary vs pulmonary only | −0.1 (−37.2 to 37.0) | 16.4 (−24.1 to 56.8) |
| Method of detection | ||
| Self-presentation vs screening | 26.1† (2.3 to 50.0) | 29.9† (4.1 to 55.7) |
| Treatment outcome | ||
| Completed vs cured | 23.8 (−2.0 to 49.6) | 21.8 (−6.2 to 49.8) |
| HIV status | ||
| Positive vs negative | 3.1 (−21.2 to 27.4) | −16.2 (−41.7 to 9.4) |
| Duration since TB | ||
| ≥2 years vs <2 years | 1.4 (−22.1 to 24.9) | 13.5 (−11.8 to 38.8) |
| Smear | ||
| Positive vs negative | 45.1† (19.2 to 70.9) | 42.7† (14.8 to 70.5) |
| Culture | ||
| Positive vs negative | 9.5 (−17.5 to 36.5) | 16.3 (−12.8 to 45.4) |
| Drug resistance | ||
| Resistant vs fully susceptible | 20.6 (−25.5 to 66.7) | −15.4 (−65.2 to 34.4) |
↵* Adjusted for lung function and silicosis at baseline and history of bronchitis, asthma or pneumonia, employment duration, current smoking (current vs past or never) and age (years) at follow-up.
↵† Whole 95% CI in the decline range.
↵‡ Negative sign denotes lung function gain.
FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; TB, tuberculosis.