| COPD n = 355 | Controls n = 44 | p Value | |
| Age (mean±SD) | 68.7±8.9 | 68.8±6.0 | 0.951 |
| FEV1 % predicted (mean±SD) | 49.1±19.0 | 92.6±16.7 | <0.001 |
| Median number of medication classes (IQR) | 3 (1–5) | 1 (0–3) | 0.019 |
| >5 Extrapulmonary classes of medication | 19.8% | 6.8% | 0.037 |
| Any antihypertensive | 48.4% | 31.8% | 0.037 |
| Statin | 26.4% | 22.7% | 0.606 |
| Aspirin | 24.1% | 20.5% | 0.594 |
| Calcium channel antagonist | 21.8% | 9.1% | 0.048 |
| ACE inhibitor | 19.5% | 6.8% | 0.039 |
| Loop diuretic | 15.9% | 4.5% | 0.045 |
| Thiazide diuretic | 14.7% | 6.8% | 0.152 |
| Proton pump inhibitor | 11.0% | 6.8% | 0.390 |
| Paracetamol | 10.2% | 13.6% | 0.484 |
| Weak opioid | 9.9% | 9.1% | 0.996 |
| Nitrate | 8.2% | 0% | 0.048 |
| Calcium/vitamin D supplement | 7.4% | 0% | 0.063 |
| Angiotensin II receptor antagonist | 6.2% | 4.5% | 0.658 |
| Benzodiazepine | 4.8% | 2.3% | 0.445 |
| β-Blocker | 4.5% | 13.6% | 0.013 |
| Bisphosphonate | 4.2% | 0% | 0.163 |
| NSAID | 2.8% | 2.3% | 0.831 |
| Potassium-sparing diuretic | 3.7% | 0% | 0.196 |
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IQR, interquartile range; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.