Table 1 Candidate COPD genes

Symbol	Name	Locus	Function	References for	References against
ELN	Elastin	7q11	Matrix	5–7
FBLN4	Fibulin 4	11q13	Matrix	8
FBLN5	Fibulin 5	14q32	Matrix	9
FBN1	Fibrillin	15q21	Matrix	10–12
ATP7A	Copper transporter	Xq13	Matrix	13
TGFB1	Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)	19q13	Matrix	14–18	19
LTBP4	Latent TGFβ binding protein 4	19q13	Matrix	21
SERPINA1	α₁-Antitrypsin	14q32	Anti-protease	23–25, 75–77
SERPINE2	Serpin E2	2q33	Antiprotease	26, 27	28
TIMP2	Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2	17q25	Antiprotease	34
MMP1	Metalloproteinase 1	11q22	Protease	32	33
MMP9	Metalloproteinase 9	20q11	Protease	29–31, 33	32
MMP12	Metalloproteinase 12	11q22	Protease	32
EPHX1	Epoxide hydrolase 1	1q42	Detoxification	17, 35–42, 44, 46–48	43, 45
GST-P1	Glutathione S-transferase P1	11q13	Detoxification	48–50	44, 51
GST-M1	Glutathione S-transferase M1	1p13	Detoxification	37	45
HMOX1	Heme oxygenase 1	22q13	Detoxification	38, 39, 52–55	50, 54
SOD3	Superoxide dismutase 3	4p15	Detoxification	56, 57
TNF	Tumour necrosis factor	6p21	Inflammation	39, 58, 78–80	42, 47, 59–68
GC	Group specific component	4q12	Inflammation	69–73	74

Candidate genes are shown with their chromosomal location and putative function. References supporting an involvement in COPD are listed in the “For” column and references not supporting involvement are listed in the “Against” column.