Table 3 Group 3: clinical characteristics and GM-CSF/GM-CSFR expression in proximal airway from lung resection
NormalSmokerCOPD
Number81110
Age*58 (3)60 (3)66 (3)
Male/female7/18/37/3
Never/current/ex-smokers6/0/20/0/110/0/10
Pack-years*0 (1)30 (7)39 (6)
FEV1*2.8 (0.2)2.6 (0.2)1.8 (0.2)
FEV1, % predicted*87 (3)87 (4)64 (4)
Pre-BD FEV1/FVC*79 (3)81 (4)55 (3)
GM-CSF
Submucosa†0.5 (1)0.8 (2.4)0.2 (1.1)
ASM†0 (0)0 (0.1)0 (0)
GM-CSFR
Submucosa†2.3 (6.1)0.3 (1.3)0.5 (4.4)
ASM†0 (0.1)0 (0)0 (0)

  • *Mean (SE). †Median (interquartile range).

  • ASM, airway smooth muscle; BD, bronchodilator; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory voume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; GM-CSF, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSFR, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor; PC, provocation concentration.