Table 2 Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (unadjusted and adjusted) for asthma at 11.5 years of age according to daily TV viewing at 3.5 years of age in children with no symptoms of wheeze up to 3.5 years
TV viewing at 3.5 years of ageAsthma at 11.5 years of age
AllBoysGirls
6.0 (185/3065)6.1 (88/1436)6.0 (97/1629)
n = 3002n = 1401n = 1601
Not at all, % (n)5.0 (4/80)4.8 (2/42)5.3 (2/38)
    Crude OR (95% CI)0.9 (0.3 to 2.5)0.9 (0.2 to 3.7)0.9 (0.2 to 4.0)
    Restricted OR (95% CI)*0.6 (0.1 to 2.3)0.5 (0.07 to 3.8)0.6 (0.08 to 4.5)
    Adjusted OR (95% CI) BMI†0.8 (0.2 to 2.6)0.5 (0.1 to 3.8)1.1 (0.3 to 4.9)
    Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡0.5 (0.1 to 2.2)0.5 (0.06 to 3.4)0.6 (0.08 to 4.9)
<1 h/day, % (n)4.2 (36/850)4.4 (16/364)4.1 (20/486)
    Crude OR (95% CI)0.8 (0.5 to 1.1)0.8 (0.4 to 1.4)0.7 (0.4 to 1.2)
    Restricted OR (95% CI)0.7 (0.5 to 1.1)0.7 (0.4 to 1.4)0.7 (0.4 to 1.3)
    Adjusted OR (95% CI) BMI0.7 (0.5 to 1.2)0.7 (0.4 to 1.4)0.8 (0.4 to 1.4)
    Adjusted OR (95% CI)0.7 (0.44 to 1.1)0.7 (0.4 to 1.4)0.7 (0.3 to 1.3)
1–2 h/day, % (n)5.6 (78/1394)5.6 (37/666)5.6 (41/728)
    Reference category1.001.001.00
>2 h/day, % (n)9.0 (61/678)8.8 (29/329)9.2 (32/349)
    Crude OR (95% CI)1.7 (1.2 to 2.4)1.6 (1.0 to 2.7)1.7 (1.1 to 2.7)
    Restricted OR (95% CI)1.8 (1.2 to 2.6)1.6 (0.9 to 2.8)2.0 (1.2 to 3.4)
    Adjusted OR (95% CI) BMI1.8 (1.3 to 2.7)1.8 (1.1 to 3.1)1.9 (1.1 to 3.1)
    Adjusted OR (95% CI)1.8 (1.2 to 2.6)1.7 (1.0 to 3.0)1.9 (1.1 to 3.3)
p for linear trend0.00030.020.005
  • *Univariable analysis restricted to sample in multivariable (fully adjusted model) (n = 2305).

  • †Adjusted for body mass index (quartiles) at 11.5 years only (n = 2471).

  • ‡Adjusted for body mass index (quartiles) at 11.5 years, maternal asthma/allergies, maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal housing inadequacy, financial difficulties, low educational attainment, psychopathology of mother and lack of social network practical support during pregnancy (n = 2305).