Total cancer mortality | Lung cancer mortality | Extrapulmonary cancer mortality | ||||
Univariate | Multivariate* | Univariate | Multivariate* | Univariate | Multivariate* | |
HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
COPD | 2.03 (1.63 to 2.53) | 1.61 (1.25 to 2.06) | 2.76 (1.86 to 4.08) | 2.06 (1.32 to 3.20) | 1.76 (1.34 to 2.30) | 1.43 (1.06 to 1.94) |
No COPD | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Mild COPD | 1.62 (1.20 to 2.18) | 1.30 (0.95 to 1.79) | 1.94 (1.13 to 3.32) | 1.52 (0.87 to 2.68) | 1.49 (1.04 to 2.15) | 1.22 (0.83 to 1.79) |
Moderate COPD | 2.39 (1.83 to 3.12) | 1.92 (1.43 to 2.58) | 3.25 (2.04 to 5.17) | 2.51 (1.50 to 4.17) | 2.06 (1.48 to 2.87) | 1.70 (1.19 to 2.44) |
Severe COPD | 2.42 (1.49 to 3.95) | 1.95 (1.14 to 3.31) | 4.54 (2.21 to 9.34) | 3.38 (1.51 to 7.55) | 1.64 (0.83 to 3.25) | 1.38 (0.67 to 2.86) |
CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.
*Adjusted for age, gender, type of surgery, diabetes, smoking, hypercholestrolaemia, corticosteroids, statins and aspirin.