Table 3 Risk for the development of respiratory symptoms and for the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) related to asymptomatic bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR)34

	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p Value
Asthma phenotypes
Physician-diagnosed asthma	3.0 (1.8 to 5.0)	0.001
Wheeze in last 12 months without cold	2.9 (1.8 to 4.5)	0.001
Shortness of breath while walking	1.3 (0.9 to 1.8)	0.115
COPD phenotypes
All participants
Chronic phlegm	1.2 (0.7 to 2.0)	0.478
Chronic cough	3.0 (1.7 to 5.2)	0.001
Chronic bronchitis*	2.6 (1.1 to 6.0)	0.023
COPD†	4.5 (3.3 to 6.0)	0.001

Reproduced with permission from Thorax.
*Chronic bronchitis was defined as the presence of chronic cough or phlegm.
†COPD was defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁)/forced vital capavity (FVC) <0.70 and no physician’s diagnosis of asthma.