| Exposure | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | PAF (95% CI) |
| Entire FLOW cohort | |||
| VGDF exposure* | 2.18 (1.69 to 2.83) | 2.11 (1.59 to 2.82) | 31% (22% to 39%) |
| JEM exposure probability* | |||
| Low (referent) | 1.0 (referent) | 1.0 (referent) | Referent |
| Intermediate | 1.64 (1.00 to 2.67) | 1.27 (0.74 to 2.19) | 2% (−2% to 6%) |
| High | 2.66 (1.80 to 3.94) | 2.27 (1.46 to 3.52) | 13% (8% to 18%) |
| Cigarette smoking | |||
| Never (referent) | 1.0 | 1.0 | Referent |
| Current smoker | 31 (17 to 58) | 31 (17 to 58) | 32% (30% to 33%) |
| Past smoker | 4.67 (3.50 to 6.23) | 4.52 (3.35 to 6.09) | 42% (37% to 46%) |
| GOLD stage II or higher | |||
| VGDF exposure* | 2.33 (1.77 to 3.06) | 2.13 (1.55 to 2.93) | 31% (21% to 41%) |
| JEM exposure probability* | |||
| Low (referent) | 1.0 (referent) | 1.0 (referent) | Referent |
| Intermediate | 1.77 (1.05 to 2.97) | 1.58 (0.88 to 2.84) | 3% (−1% to 8%) |
| High | 2.79 (1.86 to 4.19) | 2.33 (1.45 to 3.72) | 14% (8% to 20%) |
| Cigarette smoking | |||
| Never (referent) | 1.0 | 1.0 | Referent |
| Current smoker | 45 (24 to 86) | 46 (24 to 88) | 35% (32% to 37%) |
| Past smoker | 7.05 (5.02 to 9.91) | 6.27 (4.42 to 8.90) | 46% (41% to 50%) |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD, Global Obstructive Lung Disease initiative; JEM, job exposure matrix for exposure likelihood on longest held job; PAF, population attributable fraction based on multivariate analysis; VGDF, vapours, gas, dust or fume on longest held job by self-report.
*Unadjusted results are from logistic regression models with only that set of variables; adjusted results are from two separate models for exposure, one with VGDF and one with JEM, controlling for age, sex, race and smoking. Adjusted smoking risk estimates are derived from the VGDF model; results for smoking were not substantively different in the JEM model. Results are shown separately for the entire cohort and for the subset of subjects with GOLD stage II or greater, together with referents.