Table 4 Mean (95% confidence interval) change in questionnaire-based outcome parameters in the breathing training and control groups between baseline and 1-month and 6-month assessments in the intention to treat population
1 month6 months
Breathing trainingControlDifferencep ValueBreathing trainingControlBetween groupp Value
ACQ−0.24 (−0.12 to −0.36)−0.29 (−019 to −0.49)0.05 (−0.16 to 0.25)0.70−0.30 (−0.17 to −0.43)−0.13 (−0.04 to −0.31)−0.17 (−0.38 to 0.04)0.12
NQ−5.51 (−3.83 to −6.86)−4.27 (−3.00 to −5.55)−1.24 (−3.23 to 0.75)0.22−6.70 (−8.25 to −5.15)−3.54 (−5.11 to −1.97)−3.16 (−5.35 to −0.97)0.005
HAD Anxiety−1.12 (−1.66 to −0.57)−0.85 (−1.49 to −0.22)−0.26 (−1.01 to 0.57)0.53−1.07 (−1.64 to −0.51)−0.02 (−0.72 to 0.68)−1.05 (−1.94 to −0.16)0.02
HAD Depression−0.32 (−0.73 to −0.09)−0.14 (−0.67 to 0.40)−0.18 (−0.85 to 0.48)0.59−0.31 (−0.72 to 0.10)0.44 (−0.08 to 0.94)−0.75 (−1.40 to −0.10)0.03

  • ACQ, Asthma Control Questionnaire; HAD, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire; NQ, Nijmegen Questionnaire.