Characteristics, comorbidity and initial severity, and clinical stability
| Characteristics | Stability | p Value | |
| ⩽3 days | >3 days | ||
| n = 220 (55.8%) | n = 174 (44.2%) | ||
| Mean (SD) age (years) | 65 (17) | 67 (18) | 0.2 |
| F/M (%) | 76/144 (34.5/65.5) | 72/102 (41.4/58.6) | 0.1 |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 46 (20.9) | 44 (25.3) | 0.3 |
| Excessive alcohol consumption, n (%) | 25 (11.4) | 21 (12.1) | 0.8 |
| Prior influenza vaccination, n (%) | 98 (44.5) | 66 (37.9) | 0.2 |
| Coexisting illnesses, n (%) | |||
| Cardiac insufficiency | 40 (18.2) | 25 (14.4) | 0.3 |
| Renal insufficiency | 12 (5.5) | 8 (4.6) | 0.7 |
| Diabetes | 49 (22.3) | 29 (16.7) | 0.1 |
| Liver disease | 5 (2.3) | 6 (3.4) | 0.4 |
| COPD | 39 (17.7) | 31 (17.8) | 0.9 |
| Neurological disease | 38 (17.3) | 31 (17.8) | 0.8 |
| PSI, n (%) | |||
| I | 32 (14.5) | 15 (8.6) | 0.07 |
| II | 42 (19.1) | 28 (16.1) | 0.4 |
| III | 49 (22.3) | 39 (22.4) | 0.9 |
| IV | 79 (35.9) | 63 (36.2) | 0.9 |
| V | 18 (8.2) | 29 (16.7) | 0.01 |
| CURB-65, n (%) | |||
| 0 | 41 (18.6) | 22 (12.6) | 0.1 |
| 1 | 84 (38.2) | 48 (27.6) | 0.1 |
| 2 | 55 (25.0) | 54 (31.0) | 0.1 |
| 3 | 32 (14.5) | 34 (19.4) | 0.1 |
| 4 | 8 (3.6) | 14 (8.0) | 0.06 |
| 5 | 0 | 2 (1.1) | 0.1 |
| Antibiotic therapy, n (%) | |||
| β-lactam/macrolide combination | 127 (57.7) | 103 (59.2) | 0.7 |
| Fluoroquinolone | 64 (29.1) | 30 (17.2) | 0.006 |
| β-lactam/quinolone combination | 8 (3.6) | 18 (10.3) | 0.008 |
| β-lactam monotherapy | 12 (5.5) | 9 (5.2) | 0.9 |
| Other* | 9 (4.1) | 14 (8.0) | 0.09 |
F/M, female/male; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PSI, pneumonia severity index (Fine risk class)
*Other antibiotic regimens.