| Cytokines | Total treatment failure | Early versus late failure | ||||
| No (median (P25–P75)) | Yes (median (P25–P75)) | p Value | Early failure (median (P25–P75)) | Late failure (median (P25–P75)) | p Value | |
| Day 1 | ||||||
| CRP (mg/dl) | 13.6 (6.8–21.9) | 23.2 (15.9–31) | 0.0001 | 22.9 (11.6–35.0) | 25.6 (16.9–30.4) | 0.94 |
| PCT (ng/ml) | 0.5 (0.3–2.2) | 1.5 (0.4–7.1) | 0.0001 | 3.36 (0.86–23.25) | 1.07 (0.42–4.04) | 0.01 |
| TNFα (pg/ml) | 29 (17–45) | 33 (19–56) | 0.11 | 40 (22–88) | 29 (17–55) | 0.15 |
| IL1 (pg/ml) | 21 (8–36) | 16 (0–48) | 0.37 | 6 (0–30) | 18 (6–61) | 0.08 |
| IL6 (pg/ml) | 66 (25–169) | 187 (71–779) | 0.0001 | 145 (38–1288) | 191 (99–414) | 0.69 |
| IL10 (pg/ml) | 7 (2–19) | 9 (0–36) | 0.35 | 15 (1–59) | 5 (0–29) | 0.11 |
| IL8 (pg/ml) | 5 (1–14) | 13 (5–56) | 0.0001 | 13 (5–63) | 14 (4–43) | 0.70 |
| Day 3 | ||||||
| CRP (mg/dl) | 4.5 (1.9–9.6) | 12.1 (4.6–19.8) | 0.0001 | 5.2 (2.7–11.9) | 16.5 (8.4–21.9) | 0.0001 |
| PCT (ng/ml) | 0.3 (0.2–0.7) | 0.5 (0.3–1.5) | 0.004 | 0.48 (0,25–2.15) | 0.53 (0.32–1.00) | 0.58 |
| TNFα (pg/ml) | 27 (14–45) | 28 (14–41) | 0.64 | 25 (13–41) | 29 (14–42) | 0.91 |
| IL1 (pg/ml) | 14 (4–28) | 17 (0–40) | 0.74 | 0 (0–22) | 23 (8–62) | 0.0001 |
| IL6 (pg/ml) | 30 (9–73) | 102 (27–191) | 0.0001 | 36 (8–132) | 129 (39–229) | 0.004 |
| IL10 (pg/ml) | 5 (1–15) | 6 (0–19) | 0.74 | 7 (0–11) | 3 (0–28) | 0.73 |
| IL8 (pg/ml) | 7 (2–14) | 9 (3–21) | 0.37 | 6 (2–14) | 10 (2–32) | 0.20 |
CRP, C reactive protein; IL, interleukin; P25–P75, percentile 25–percentile 75; PCT, procalcitonin; TNFα, tumour necrosis factor α.