| Cases | Controls | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Exposure at the time of ARF in index case (or preceding week) | ||||
| Intravenous aminoglycoside | 21 | 3 | 81.8 (4.7 to 1427)* | <0.001 |
| Intravenous cephalosporin† | 14 | 3 | 11.6 (2.5 to 52.9) | 0.002 |
| Nebulised colistin | 11 | 21 | 1.1 (0.3 to 3.8) | 0.8 |
| Nebulised aminoglycosides | 3 (2 tob, 1 gent) | 6 (2 tob, 4 gent) | 1.0 (0.2 to 4.8) | 1.0 |
| Exposure at the time of ARF in index case (or preceding year) | ||||
| Intravenous gentamicin | 19 | 1 | <0.001‡ | |
| Intravenous tobramycin§ | 9 | 16 | 1.0 (0.3 to 2.6) | 0.9 |
ARF, acute renal failure; gent, gentamicin; tob, tobramycin.
*Odds ratio calculated from age and sex stratified Mantel-Haenszel analysis.
†All patients who were prescribed an intravenous cephalosporin also received an intravenous aminoglycoside.
‡Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) could not be calculated because of small numbers.
§Four cases received both intravenous gentamicin and tobramycin.