| Parameter | Unadjusted OR for death(95% CI) | p Value | Adjusted OR for death(95% CI) | p Value |
| β blocker use | 1.10 (0.50 to 2.44) | 0.80 | 0.39 (0.14 to 0.99) | 0.049 |
| Short-acting β agonist use | 0.08 (0.04 to 0.17) | <0.001 | 0.08 (0.02 to 0.30) | <0.001 |
| Age (per year of life) | 1.05 (1.02 to 1.08) | 0.001 | 1.05 (1.02 to 1.09) | 0.004 |
| Number of prior AECOPD | 1.27 (1.12 to 1.44) | <0.001 | 1.22 (1.01 to 1.47) | 0.037 |
| Length of stay (per day) | 1.06 (1.04 to 1.09) | <0.001 | 1.05 (1.02 to 1.08) | <0.001 |
| Respiratory failure | 11.5 (6.04 to 22.0) | <0.001 | 10.2 (4.58 to 22.6) | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 3.58 (1.92 to 6.67) | <0.001 | 4.54 (1.53 to 13.5) | 0.006 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 3.41 (1.25 to 9.32) | 0.016 | 12.9 (3.10 to 53.3) | <0.001 |
| Chronic liver disease | 3.42 (0.73 to 15.9) | 0.12 | 12.1 (2.06 to 71.5) | 0.006 |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; AECOPD, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.