| Treatment | β blockers(N = 142) | No β blockers(N = 683) | p Value |
| Systemic steroid | 130 (92) | 634 (93) | 0.73 |
| Inhaled steroid | 7 (5) | 51 (7) | 0.37 |
| Antibiotic | 128 (90) | 585 (86) | 0.20 |
| Short-acting β agonist | 133 (94) | 657 (96) | 0.26 |
| Long-acting β agonist | 8 (6) | 37 (5) | 0.92 |
| Short-acting anticholinergic | 132 (93) | 647 (95) | 0.53 |
| Long-acting anticholinergic | 2 (1) | 6 (1) | 0.63 |
| Methylxanthine | 11 (8) | 111 (16) | 0.01 |
Values shown as n (%).