OR (compared with non-overweight patients—BMI ⩽25) | ||
Overweight (25⩽BMI<30) OR (95%CI) | Obese (BMI ⩾30) OR (95%CI) | |
Symptoms | ||
Greater than 4 days with asthma symptoms in the past 30 days* | 1.05 (0.80–1.38) | 0.95 (0.71–1.26) |
Greater than 2 nights with asthma symptoms in the past 30 days* | 0.94 (0.69–1.28) | 1.31 (0.97–1.78) |
Greater than 2 asthma attacks in the past 90 days* | 0.87 (0.64–1.18) | 1.02 (0.74–1.40) |
Any asthma attacks in the past 90 days | 1.19 (0.93–1.54) | 1.18 (0.91–1.54) |
Symptoms all the time over the past 30 days | 1.21 (0.80–1.83) | 1.66 (1.09–2.54) |
Healthcare utilisation | ||
At least 1 ER visit in the past 12 months* | 1.17 (0.79–1.74) | 1.45 (0.99–2.12) |
Greater than 1 urgent visit to PCP in the past 12 months* | 0.95 (0.69–1.29) | 1.16 (0.84–1.61) |
At least 1 hospitalisation in the past 12 months* | 1.22 (0.65–2.28) | 1.43 (0.79–2.60) |
Greater than 2 missed work days in the past 12 months* | 1.01 (0.75–1.37) | 1.35 (1.01–1.81) |
Medications (in past 3 months) | ||
Short acting β2 agonist—any use | 1.21 (0.94–1.54) | 1.36 (1.06–1.75) |
Short acting β2 agonist—daily use | 1.11 (0.76–1.61) | 1.20 (0.85–1.69) |
Long acting β2 agonist | 0.92 (0.68–1.25) | 1.20 (0.88–1.65) |
Anticholinergic | 1.37 (0.88–2.15) | 1.26 (0.83–1.90) |
Methylxanthine | 0.96 (0.49–1.85) | 0.89 (0.46–1.72) |
Leucotriene modifier | 1.42 (0.97–2.08) | 0.96 (0.65–1.43) |
Cromolyn | 0.99 (0.39–2.50) | 0.63 (0.23–1.72) |
Inhaled corticosteroid | 1.06 (0.81–1.40) | 1.34 (1.01–1.79) |
Oral corticosteroid | 0.69 (0.37–1.27) | 0.72 (0.40–1.32) |
GINA step 1 (SABA only) | 0.98 (0.75–1.28) | 0.81 (0.60–1.07) |
GINA step 2+ | 1.09 (0.83–1.45) | 1.37 (1.01–1.85) |
GINA severity classification | ||
Remission | 0.53 (0.36–0.76) | 0.56 (0.38–0.82) |
Mild intermittent (class I) | 1.28 (1.00–1.65) | 1.00 (0.77–1.29) |
Persistent asthma (class II–IV) | 1.07 (0.82–1.39) | 1.35 (1.03–1.76) |
Severe persistent (class IV) | 0.95 (0.71–1.28) | 1.42 (1.05–1.90) |
Multivariable analysis adjusted for age, gender, race, smoking status, income, education, employment status, family history of asthma, state of residence and residence in a metropolitan statistical area.
*Upper quartile reported for these symptoms.
BMI, body mass index; ER, emergency room; GINA, Global Initiative for Asthma Guidelines; PCP, primary care provider.