Table 1 Pooled results of diagnostic accuracy of each tumour marker in malignant pleural effusions (MPE)
CA 125CA 15-3CA 19-9CYFRA 21-1
Number of studies1011718
Number of patients with MPE/non-MPE512/801819/966598/4881152/1122
Sensitivity (95% CI)0.48 (0.44 to 0.53)0.51 (0.47 to 0.54)0.25 (0.21 to 0.28)0.55 (0.52 to 0.58)
Heterogeneity* (p)212.65 (<0.001)76.46 (<0.001)99.32 (<0.001)246.24 (<0.001)
Specificity (95% CI)0.85 (0.83 to 0.88)0.96 (0.95 to 0.97)0.96 (0.94 to 0.98)0.91 (0.90 to 0.93)
Heterogeneity (p)260.86 (<0.001)72.58 (<0.001)60.97 (<0.001)177.54 (<0.001)
PLR (95% CI)5.96 (2.27 to 15.68)11.69 (5.05 to 27.07)10.42 (2.66 to 40.78)6.55 (3.09 to 13.88)
Heterogeneity (p)311.44 (<0.001)55.65 (<0.001)36.90 (<0.001)313.76 (<0.001)
NLR (95% CI)0.54 (0.38 to 0.78)0.52 (0.43 to 0.62)0.70 (0.55 to 0.88)0.43 (0.34 to 0.54)
Heterogeneity (p)109.99 (<0.001)63.21 (<0.001)69.30 (<0.001)198.87 (<0.001)
DOR (95% CI)19.61 (6.25 to 61.52)24.74 (10.50 to 58.28)19.88 (4.19 to 94.24)16.24 (9.60 to 27.49)
Heterogeneity (p)49.68 (<0.001)36.96 (<0.001)32.75 (<0.001)47.23 (<0.001)
AUC (SEM)0.88 (0.06)0.73 (0.07)0.78 (0.16)0.83 (0.03)
  • *Q value.

  • CI, confidence interval; PLR, positive likelihood ratio; NLR, negative likelihood ratio; DOR, diagnostic odds ratio; AUC, area under curve; SEM, standard error of mean.