| Baseline | After rehab | Change within group | Between group difference in change (95% CI) | |
| FEV1 (l) | ||||
| N+R | 0.90 (0.38) | 0.89 (0.39) | −0.01 | −0.04 (−0.1 to 0.1) |
| R | 0.78 (0.30) | 0.81 (0.29) | 0.03 | |
| VC (l) | ||||
| N+R | 2.89 (0.82) | 2.98 (0.89) | 0.09 | −0.07 (−0.3 to 0.2) |
| R | 2.47 (0.73) | 2.62 (0.86) | 0.15 | |
| TLC (% pred) | ||||
| N+R | 125 (18) | 125 (18) | 0.2 | 0.1 (−5.5 to 5.7) |
| R | 123 (19) | 123 (16) | 0.4 | |
| RV%TLC | ||||
| N+R | 62 (8) | 62 (10) | −0.1 | 1 (−3 to 5) |
| R | 66 (10) | 64 (9) | −2.2 | |
| Pimax (kPa) | ||||
| N+R | 5.0 (2.6) | 6.4 (2.3) | 1.4 | 0.8 (−0.2 to 1.8) |
| R | 5.3 (2.2) | 5.9 (2.3) | 0.5 | |
| Ve (l/min) | ||||
| N+R | 9.8 (3.0) | 10.6 (3.1) | 0.8 | 1.4 (0.3 to 2.4)* |
| R | 9.0 (1.9) | 8.6 (2.3) | −0.4 | |
| Vt (ml) | ||||
| N+R | 506 (144) | 560 (135) | 54 | 53 (−9 to 116) |
| R | 524 (129) | 519 (147) | −6 | |
| BF (breaths/min) | ||||
| N+R | 20 (5) | 19 (5) | 0.6 | 0.5 (−1.4 to 2.3) |
| R | 18 (4) | 17 (5) | 0.2 |
BF, breathing frequency during quiet breathing; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; N+R, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) + rehabilitation; Pimax, maximal inspiratory pressure; R, rehabilitation alone; RV%TLC, residual volume as a percentage of TLC; TLC, total lung capacity as a percentage of predicted value; VC, vital capacity; Ve, minute ventilation during quiet breathing, Vt, tidal volume during quiet breathing. *Significant difference in change between groups.