Table 4 Associations of wheezing phenotype with lung function in 4448 children with complete data on wheezing and lung function measurements at 8–9 years and 2957 with airway responsiveness measurements at 8–9 years

Phenotype	FEV₁ (l)			FEF_25–75 (l/s)			Airway responsiveness*
Phenotype	Total	Mean (SD)	Mean difference (95% CI)	Total	Mean (SD)	Mean difference (95% CI)	Total	Mean (SD)	Mean difference (95% CI)
Transient early	724	−0.16 (0.91)	−0.29 (−0.37 to −0.21)	735	−0.12 (0.96)	−0.31 (−0.39 to −0.24)	481	0.03 (1.5)	0.29 (0.13 to 0.44)
Prolonged early	396	−0.17 (1.11)	−0.30 (−0.41 to −0.20)	402	−0.34 (0.95)	−0.54 (−0.64 to −0.44)	263	0.01 (1.5)	0.27 (0.07 to 0.47)
Intermediate	118	−0.4 (1.18)	−0.53 (−0.71 to −0.35)	120	−0.49 (1.17)	−0.69 (−0.87 to −0.51)	79	1.51 (1.7)	1.76 (1.41 to 2.12)
Late	265	−0.08 (0.98)	−0.21 (−0.33 to −0.08)	269	−0.21 (1.07)	−0.40 (−0.53 to −0.28)	176	1.36 (1.7)	1.61 (1.37 to 1.85)
Persistent	306	−0.27 (1.05)	−0.40 (−0.52 to −0.28)	310	−0.49 (1.12)	−0.68 (−0.80 to −0.57)	203	0.94 (1.8)	1.19 (0.96 to 1.42)
Never/infrequent	2639	0.13 (0.98)	0 (reference)	2679	0.2 (0.97)	0 (reference)	1755	−0.26 (1.6)	0 (reference)

*Mean of least squares dose-response slope (% decline in FEV₁ per μmol methacholine).
CI, confidence interval; FEF_25–75, mid forced expiratory flow; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; SD, standard deviation.