Table 5 Respiratory muscle test results for each group
Group A (n = 182)Group B (n = 264)Group C (n = 60)
Pimax†50.5 (27.8; 4–139)
Pimax*131.0 (72.1; 9–378)
Sniff Pnasal†57.8 (27.4; 8–143)
Sniff Pnasal*120.7 (57.4; 16–286)
Sniff Poes†65.1 (27.2; 6–152)
Sniff Poes*123.0 (51.2; 11–276)
Sniff Pdi†69.6 (35.8; 0–170)
Sniff Pdi*81.8 (46.2; 0–243)
Twitch Pdi†14.5 (10.3; 0–56)
Twitch Pdi*80.7 (57.2; 0–309)
Pemax†86.0 (34.8; 19–165)
Pemax*114.7 (44.9; 32–274)
Cough Pgas†154.7 (80.8; 12–320)
Cough Pgas*127.6 (65.4; 13–240)
Twitch T10†27.7 (31.8; 0–116)
Twitch T10*172.8 (198.9; 0–724)
  • Values are presented as mean (SD; minimum – maximum) for all tests except for Twitch T10 which is reported as median (interquartile range; minimum – maximum).

  • Pimax, maximum inspiratory pressure; Pnasal, nasal pressure; Poes, oesophageal pressure; Pdi, transdiaphragmatic pressure, Pemax, maximum expiratory pressure; Pgas, gastric pressure.

  • Group A, inspiratory muscle tests; group B, diaphragm strength tests; group C, expiratory muscle tests.

  • *Percentage of cut off.

  • †cm H2O.