Demographics of never, former and current smokers
| Characteristic | Never smokers | Former smokers | Current smokers | All subjects |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 925) | (n = 517) | (n = 559) | (n = 2001) | |
| *p<0.05 compared with non-smokers by t test or χ2 test, as appropriate. | ||||
| †p<0.05 compared with former smokers by t test or χ2 test, as appropriate. | ||||
| ‡p<0.05 compared with non-smokers, after adjusting for age in analysis of covariance or logistic regression models, as appropriate. | ||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 55.7 (12.9) | 58.3 (12.9)* | 52.1 (10.0)*† | 55.4 (12.4) |
| Gender (% male) | 27.9 | 45.7* | 66.7*†‡ | 43.3 |
| Race (% white) | 79.0 | 76.5 | 66.6*†‡ | 74.1 |
| Marital status (% married) | 62.0 | 60.9 | 61.5 | 61.4 |
| Education (% beyond high school) | 53.6 | 54.4 | 49.0‡ | 52.5 |
| Health insurance provided by employer (%) | 46.7 | 40.2* | 57.1*†‡ | 47.9 |
| Employed (%) | 66.3 | 52.2* | 70.5*† | 63.8 |
| The subject is the family’s primary income source (%) | 55.6 | 63.0* | 76.1*†‡ | 62.6 |
| Income (% <$40 000 per year) | 40.9 | 48.2* | 39.2† | 42.3 |
| Very good or excellent health (%) | 68.6 | 61.9* | 55.7*†‡ | 63.3 |
| Ever had cancer (%) | 4.6 | 8.4* | 8.8*‡ | 6.7 |
| Pack-years | – | – | – | |
| Mean (SD) | 15.6 (17.7) | |||
| Median (interquartile range) | 10.0 (3.4 to 22.5) | |||
| Usual source of healthcare (%) | 95.8 | 96.5 | 84.6*†‡ | 92.8 |
| Doctor’s office as usual source of healthcare (%) | 85.8 | 81.3* | 77.2*‡ | 82.4 |
| Distance from usual source of healthcare (miles), mean (SD) | 9.7 (29.6) | 11.1 (28.9) | 14.6 (30.3)*‡ | 11.3 (29.7) |
| Time to usual source of healthcare (min),mean (SD) | 19.7 (46.4) | 20.8 (50.6) | 24.9 (42.3)*‡ | 21.3 (46.6) |
| Able to work (%) | 90.5 | 83.1* | 83.3*‡ | 86.6 |
| Type of work limited by health impairment (%) | 12.5 | 21.2* | 21.4*‡ | 17.2 |