Table 4

Crude and adjusted associations between physical activity and mortality in COPD subjects (Cox regression)

	All-cause mortality(n = 2386, 1425 deaths)*				Respiratory mortality(n = 2386, 254 deaths)*				Cardiovascular mortality(n = 2386, 461 deaths)*
	Crude		Adjusted†		Crude		Adjusted‡		Crude		Adjusted§
	HR (95% CI)	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value
*The number of subjects may be lower in the multivariate models as some values are missing for certain variables (see tables 1 and 2).
†Each row is a multivariate model adjusted for sex, age, income, BMI, smoking, glucose, systolic blood pressure, and FEV₁.
‡Each row is a multivariate model adjusted for sex, age, BMI, myocardial infarction, asthma, sputum, smoking, asthma×smoking interaction, and FEV₁.
§Each row is a multivariate model adjusted for sex, age, income, ischaemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, smoking, glucose, systolic blood pressure and FEV₁.
Physical activity (combined)
Very low	1		1		1		1		1		1
Low/moderate/high	0.53 (0.45 to 0.62)	<0.001	0.76 (0.65 to 0.90)	0.001	0.40 (0.29 to 0.57)	<0.001	0.70 (0.48 to 1.02)	0.060	0.47 (0.36 to 0.62)	<0.001	0.77 (0.58 to 1.02)	0.065
Physical activity (categories)
Very low	1		1		1		1		1		1
Low	0.77 (0.63 to 0.94)	0.009	1.04 (0.84 to 1.27)	0.744	0.68 (0.44 to 1.06)	0.089	0.89 (0.55 to 1.44)	0.622	0.55 (0.38 to 0.79)	0.001	0.84 (0.58 to 1.23)	0.372
Moderate	0.52 (0.44 to 0.61)	<0.001	0.73 (0.61 to 0.86)	<0.001	0.41 (0.28 to 0.59)	<0.001	0.64 (0.43 to 0.95)	0.028	0.47 (0.36 to 0.63)	<0.0001	0.73 (0.54 to 0.98)	0.035
High	0.48 (0.40 to 0.57)	<0.001	0.72 (0.59 to 0.86)	<0.001	0.31 (0.21 to 0.46)	<0.001	0.72 (0.46 to 1.12)	0.142	0.45 (0.34 to 0.61)	<0.0001	0.81 (0.59 to 1.11)	0.194
p for linear trend		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001		0.072		<0.001		0.195