Adjusted odds ratio of major congenital malformations associated with the use of inhaled corticosteroids during the first trimester of pregnancy
| Use of ICS (μg/day) | First stage sampling* (n = 4421) | Final estimates† (n = 972) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| ICS, inhaled corticosteroid. | |||
| *Estimates were based on the first stage of sampling only and adjusted for the number of doses of short-acting β2-agonists used in the first trimester of pregnancy, use of ICS before pregnancy, maternal level of education, multiple pregnancy, maternal epilepsy and diabetes mellitus. | |||
| †Estimates were based on the first and second stage of sampling and adjusted for the number of doses of short-acting β2-agonists used and the use of long-acting inhaled β2-agonists in the first trimester of pregnancy, use of oral corticosteroids before pregnancy, level of education, multiple pregnancy, maternal epilepsy, maternal thyroid disorder and family history of congenital malformations. | |||
| 0 | Reference | ||
| >0–500 | 1.06 | 0.94 (0.63 to 1.39) | 0.90 (0.64 to 1.24) |
| >500–1000 | 0.58 | 0.56 (0.22 to 1.39) | 0.56 (0.22 to 1.43) |
| >1000 | 1.68 | 1.92 (0.78 to 4.74) | 1.67 (0.56 to 5.03) |