Prevalence of COPD and outcome of logistic regression analysis for subpopulation of non-smoking women in urban Liwang and rural Yunyan*
| COPD n (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | p Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ETS, environmental tobacco smoke; BMI, body mass index; LPG, liquid petroleum gas. | |||||
| *Data of 1089 participants were analysed and are shown as number (%) of observations and OR (95% CI). | |||||
| †These variables were included in the multivariate logistic regression model. | |||||
| ‡Fuel type and local exhaust ventilation in kitchen excluded from multivariate model because they were collinear with urban/rural residence. | |||||
| Area† | 0.005 | 0.035 | |||
| Rural Yunyan | 59 (7.2) | 2.96 (1.55 to 5.67) | 3.60 (1.13 to 11.52) | ||
| Urban Liwang | 25 (2.5) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Age group (years)† | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| 40–49 | 17 (2.5) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| 50–59 | 13 (2.8) | 1.09 (0.55 to 2.19) | 1.02 (0.48 to 2.13) | ||
| 60–69 | 27 (6.1) | 2.47 (1.57 to 3.87) | 3.12 (2.03 to 4.79) | ||
| ⩾70 | 27 (12.1) | 5.61 (3.78 to 8.30) | 7.33 (3.94 to 13.65) | ||
| Education (years)† | <0.001 | 0.164 | |||
| 0 | 60 (7.2) | 6.81 (3.36 to 13.78) | 2.41 (0.72 to 8.01) | ||
| 1–6 | 18 (4.1) | 3.71 (1.38 to 9.98) | 2.34 (0.72 to 7.58) | ||
| ⩾7 | 6 (1.1) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| ETS† | 0.280 | 0.671 | |||
| Yes | 66 (5.6) | 1.29 (0.78 to 2.15) | 1.10 (0.66 to 1.83) | ||
| No | 18 (2.9) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Occupational exposure to dust† | 0.003 | 0.980 | |||
| Yes | 66 (6.2) | 2.67 (1.55 to 4.61) | 0.99 (0.34 to 2.86) | ||
| No | 18 (2.4) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Respiratory disease in family† | 0.002 | 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 29 (8.1) | 2.20 (1.46 to 3.31) | 3.14 (1.89 to 5.21) | ||
| No | 55 (3.8) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Cough in childhood† | 0.130 | 0.006 | |||
| Often/sometimes | 8 (9.9) | 2.40 (0.73 to 7.92) | 4.66 (1.78 to 12.22) | ||
| Seldom | 76 (4.4) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2)† | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| ⩾24.0 | 13 (2.1) | 0.41 (0.19 to 0.87) | 0.41 (0.20 to 0.85) | ||
| 18.5–23.9 | 15 (1.4) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| <18.5 | 56 (56) | 3.23 (2.16 to 4.83) | 3.15 (2.36 to 4.21) | ||
| Life quality† | 0.048 | 0.315 | |||
| Poor | 17 (5.8) | 4.68 (0.87 to 25.34) | 1.32 (0.25 to 6.90) | ||
| General | 65 (4.7) | 3.64 (0.74 to 17.80) | 2.30 (0.43 to 12.29) | ||
| Good | 2 (1.4) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Fuel type‡ | 0.002 | 0.019 | |||
| LPG | 24 (2.5) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| Coal | 6 (6.7) | 2.77 (0.83 to 9.26) | |||
| Biomass | 54 (7.3) | 3.11 (1.63 to 5.94) | |||
| Local exhaust ventilation in kitchen‡ | 0.003 | 0.082 | |||
| Yes | 21 (2.3) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| No | 63 (6.9) | 3.04 (1.64 to 5.63) | |||