Patient characteristics
| Characteristic | Exacerbated(n = 154) | Did not exacerbate(n = 95) | Odds ratio(95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI, body mass index; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity. | ||||
| Mean (SD) age (years) | 30.1 (13.8) | 33.5 (8.8) | 0.95 (0.92 to 0.98) | 0.002 |
| Female sex (%) | 82 (53%) | 24 (25%) | 3.37 (1.92 to 5.90) | <0.0001 |
| Mean (SD) BMI (kg/m2) | 21.2 (4.3) | 22.9 (3.1) | 0.88 (0.82 to 0.96) | 0.002 |
| Mean (SD) lung function | ||||
| FEV1 (% predicted) | 48.3 (18.1) | 63.0 (20.2) | 0.96 (0.95 to 0.98) | <0.0001 |
| FVC (% predicted) | 66.4 (20.3) | 76.9 (19.2) | 0.97 (0.96 to 0.99) | 0.0002 |
| CF related diabetes mellitus | 35 (22.7%) | 18 (18.9%) | 1.26 (0.67 to 2.38) | 0.48 |
| CF related pancreatic insufficiency | 149 (96.8%) | 83 (87.4%) | 4.31 (1.47 to 12.65) | 0.008 |
| CF related liver disease | 18 (11.6%) | 8 (8.4%) | 1.44 (0.60 to 3.45) | 0.41 |
| Courses of IV antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbation in past 24 months | ||||
| 0 | 38 (24.7%) | 61 (64.2%) | – | – |
| 1 | 30 (19.5%) | 19 (20.0%) | 2.54 (1.26 to 5.12) | 0.001 |
| 2–3 | 40 (26.0%) | 8 (8.4%) | 8.03 (3.40 to 18.98) | <0.0001 |
| >3 | 46 (29.9%) | 7 (7.4%) | 10.55 (4.32 to 25.75) | <0.0001 |
| Bacteria in sputum at enrolment | ||||
| Burkholderia cepacia complex (BC) | 55 (35.7%) | 38 (40%) | – | – |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) | 78 (50.6%) | 38 (40%) | 1.42 (0.81 to 2.50) | 0.26 |
| Both BC and PA | 6 (3.9%) | 8 (8.4%) | 0.52 (0.17 to 1.62) | 0.26 |
| Other | 15 (9.7%) | 11 (11.6%) | 0.94 (0.39 to 2.27) | 0.89 |
| New bacterial species in sputum during study | 8 (5.2%) | 7 (7.4%) | 0.69 (0.24 to 1.97) | 0.49 |
| Burkholderia cepacia complex | 2 | 0 | ||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 3 | 6 | ||
| Stenotrophomonous maltophilia | 1 | 0 | ||
| Achromobacter xylosoxidans | 2 | 1 | ||
| None | 146 (94.8%) | 88 (92.6%) | ||
| Medications used chronically | ||||
| Inhaled corticosteroid | 89 (57.8%) | 29 (30.5%) | 3.12 (1.81 to 5.35) | <0.0001 |
| DNase | 53 (34.4%) | 21 (22.1%) | 1.85 (1.03 to 3.33) | 0.04 |
| Inhaled antibiotics | ||||
| None | 54 (35.1%) | 49 (51.6%) | – | – |
| Tobramycin | 78 (50.6%) | 39 (41.1%) | 1.82 (1.05 to 3.13) | 0.03 |
| Colimycin | 8 (5.2%) | 2 (2.1%) | 3.63 (0.74 to 17.9) | 0.11 |
| Tobramycin and colimycin | 14 (9.1%) | 5 (5.3%) | 2.54 (0.85 to 7.57) | 0.09 |
| Oral antibiotics | ||||
| None | 101 (65.6%) | 66 (69.5%) | – | – |
| Azithromycin | 21 (13.6%) | 15 (15.8%) | 0.92 (0.44 to 1.90) | 0.81 |
| Other | 19 (12.3%) | 11 (11.6%) | 1.13 (0.51 to 2.52) | 0.77 |
| Azithromycin and other | 13 (8.4%) | 3 (3.2%) | 2.83 (0.78 to 10.32) | 0.11 |