Death rate, risk of death, hospitalisation rate for COPD, and risk of a COPD related hospital admission (from Cox proportional hazard models) stratified by baseline pulmonary function and rapid decline in the FEV1. From the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) 1989–90 and follow up through 1999
| Rapid decliners(N) | Death rate(per 1000 person-years) | Risk of death Adjusted* HR (95% CI) | COPD related hospital admissions during follow up (per 1000 person-years) | Risk of COPD related hospital admissions Adjusted* HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. | |||||
| *Adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, body mass index, education level, depression, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, exercise level, and GOLD category. | |||||
| †GOLD stage 3 or 4 (FEV1/FVC <0.70 and FEV1 <50% predicted), GOLD stage 2 (FEV1/FVC <0.70 and FEV1 ⩾50% to <80% predicted), GOLD stage 1 (FEV1/FVC <0.70 and FEV1 ⩾80%), restricted (FEV1/FVC ⩾0.70 and FVC <80% predicted), GOLD stage 0 (presence of respiratory symptoms in the absence of any lung function abnormality), and no lung disease. | |||||
| GOLD 3 or 4† | Yes (49) | 118 | 2.0 (1.2 to 3.4) | 170 | 2.0 (1.2 to 3.3) |
| No (125) | 60 | 1.0 | 89 | 1.0 | |
| GOLD 2 | Yes (196) | 58 | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.5) | 70 | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.9) |
| No (422) | 54 | 1.0 | 48 | 1.0 | |
| GOLD 1 | Yes (127) | 39 | 1.4 (0.9 to 2.2) | 29 | 1.5 (0.7 to 3.2) |
| No (415) | 31 | 1.0 | 21 | 1.0 | |
| Restricted | Yes (80) | 69 | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.0) | 38 | 2.1 (0.6 to 7.2) |
| No (229) | 54 | 1.0 | 20 | 1.0 | |
| GOLD 0 | Yes (163) | 44 | 1.9 (1.2 to 2.9) | 20 | 1.3 (0.6 to 2.8) |
| No (524) | 22 | 1.0 | 14 | 1.0 | |
| Normal | Yes (225) | 31 | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.4) | 13 | 1.4 (0.6 to 3.3) |
| No (833) | 19 | 1.0 | 7 | 1.0 | |
| All | Yes (840) | 49 | 1.5 (1.2 to 1.7) | 40 | 1.6 (1.3 to 2.0) |
| No (2548) | 32 | 1.0 | 22 | 1.0 | |