Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for mortality from obstructive lung disease and pneumonia as underlying cause of death by respiratory symptom groups, symptom score and sex, adjusted for occupational exposure, smoking habits, and age in Norway, 1973–2002: separate models for each symptom group
| Symptom | Obstructive lung disease (n = 250) | Pneumonia (n = 293) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | |||||
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
| No respiratory symptoms | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Symptom group | ||||||||
| Cough symptoms | 4.0 | 2.4 to 6.5 | 6.2 | 3.1 to 12.3 | 1.5 | 0.9 to 2.4 | 1.2 | 0.8 to 1.8 |
| Asthma-like symptoms | 4.7 | 2.9 to 7.7 | 7.8 | 4.0 to 15.0 | 1.2 | 0.7 to 2.1 | 1.3 | 0.8 to 1.8 |
| Moderate dyspnoea | 4.5 | 2.5 to 8.3 | 5.1 | 2.3 to 11.3 | 1.2 | 0.5 to 2.7 | 0.8 | 0.4 to 1.3 |
| Severe dyspnoea | 9.6 | 5.1 to 18.3 | 13.0 | 6.0 to 28.3 | 1.5 | 0.5 to 4.6 | 1.5 | 0.9 to 2.7 |
| Symptom score | ||||||||
| 1–3 | 2.3 | 1.4 to 4.0 | 3.4 | 1.7 to 6.8 | 1.5 | 1.0 to 2.4 | 0.9 | 0.6 to 1.3 |
| 4–6 | 4.1 | 2.3 to 7.5 | 9.6 | 4.5 to 20.8 | 1.5 | 0.7 to 3.2 | 1.1 | 0.6 to 1.9 |
| ⩾7 | 13.6 | 7.1 to 25.9 | 21.5 | 9.4 to 49.5 | 2.0 | 0.6 to 6.2 | 3.0 | 1.5 to 6.0 |
| p trend for symptom score | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.09 | 0.02 | ||||