Mean (95% CI) adjusted* annual FEV1 decline (ml/year) in tertiles of antioxidants at baseline (ECRHS I, 1992)
| Tertiles of antioxidants in 1992 (ECRHS I)† | Mean difference between tertiles | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | II | III | p value | I and II | I and III | ||
| *Multiple linear regression including sex, centre, and baseline values of FEV1, age, smoking status, BMI, and LDL cholesterol levels. | |||||||
| †Tertile limits for β-carotene: 0.00–0.248, 0.248–0.437 and 0.437–3.298 μmol/l; tertile limits for α-carotene: 0.00–0.048, 0.048–0.101 and 0.101–1.212 μmol/l; tertile limits for vitamin A: 0.28–1.64, 1.64–2.08 and 2.08–3.96 μmol/l; and tertile limits for vitamin E: 1.75–19.39, 19.39–25.36 and 25.36–76.83 μmol/l. | |||||||
| β-carotene | −36.5 (−41.4 to −31.5) | −26.6 (−31.4 to −21.9) | −28.6 (−33.7 to −23.6) | 0.02 | 9.8 (2.3 to 17.3) | 7.8 (−0.3 to 15.9) | |
| α-carotene | −30.4 (−35.5 to −25.4) | −30.7 (−35.6 to −25.9) | −30.9 (−36.1 to −25.7) | 0.99 | −0.3 (−8.0 to 7.4) | −0.5 (−9.0 to 8.0) | |
| Vitamin A | −30.5 (−35.6 to −25.4) | −29.5 (−34.3 to −24.6) | −32.1 (−37.2 to −27.0) | 0.74 | 1.0 (−6.6 to 8.7) | −1.6 (−10.0 to 6.7) | |
| Vitamin E | −29.0 (−34.2 to −23.9) | −30.3 (−35.1 to −25.5) | −32.8 (−38.1 to −27.5) | 0.62 | −1.2 (−8.8 to 6.3) | −3.8 (−12.4 to 4.9) | |