Age (years) | 70.3 (1.7) | 70.6 (0.9) | 0.84* |
Sex (M/F) | 28/0 | 73/0 | >0.99** |
Smoking status | | | |
No of ex-smokers | 28 (100%) | 73 (100%) | >0.99** |
Pack-years | 44.7 (4.6) | 49.3 (3.6) | 0.47* |
Pulmonary function | | | |
FEV1%FVC | 59.6 (1.4) | 61.0 (1.0) | 0.83* |
FEV1 (l) | 1.41 (0.1) | 1.47 (0.1) | 0.69* |
FEV1 (% predicted) | 62.6 (4.8) | 65.7 (3.3) | 0.61* |
Treatment | | | |
Smoking cessation | 28 (100%) | 73 (100%) | >0.99** |
Bronchodilator | 28 (100%) | 73 (100%) | >0.99** |
Complications | | | |
Hypertension | 7 (25 %) | 15 (20.5%) | 0.60** |
Diabetes mellitus | 3 (10.7%) | 8 (11.0%) | >0.99** |
Hyperlipidaemia | 3 (10.7%) | 5 (6.8%) | 0.68** |
Cardiovascular disease | 5 (17.9%) | 9 (12.3%) | 0.52** |
Gastrointestinal disease | 6 (21.4%) | 13 (17.8%) | 0.78** |
Lung function decline | | | |
Decrease in FEV1 (% pred) | 2.74 (1.22) | −0.57 (0.89) | 0.044* |
No of rapid decliners† | 12 (42.9%) | 13 (17.8%) | 0.009*** |