Risk estimates of MDR-TB for factors reported in original studies (incomplete data)
| Reference | Time/place | Design | Population studied*N (%) | No of MDR-TB cases | Factors | Risk ratio estimates† of MDR-TB (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDR-TB, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; OR, odds ratios; RR, relative risk; CI, confidence intervals; nr, not reported. | ||||||
| *The number of confirmed cases of TB further tested for drug sensitivity. | ||||||
| †Versus drug susceptible and other resistant TB if not otherwise specified. | ||||||
| ‡The risk of MDR-TB for previous treatment has been included in meta-analysis as complete data were available. | ||||||
| §Versus drug susceptible TB. | ||||||
| ¶Matched for date and region of notification. | ||||||
| **Versus other cases resistant to more than one drug. | ||||||
| ††Multivariable analysis. | ||||||
| ‡‡Defined as having a permanent place to live. | ||||||
| Lockman14 | 1994–1996, Estonia | Matched case-control study | 833 (nr) | 46 | Female sex | OR 3.5 (1.1 to 14.6)§¶ |
| Gilad15 | 1992–1997, Negev, Israel | Retrospective laboratory based survey | 249 (nr) | 21 | Immigrants from former Soviet Union | OR 4.10 (1.48 to 11.83) |
| Anon16 | 1995–1998, Ivanovo, Russia | Frequency matched case-control study | 514 (nr)new cases | 26 | Homelessness | OR 3.1 (1.1 to 8.8)¶ |
| Flament-Saillour17 | 1994, France | Laboratory based case-control study | 7752 (nr) | 51 | Previous treatment | OR 24.2 (6.9 to 85.1)**†† |
| Foreign born | OR 3.8 (1.2 to 11.8)**†† | |||||
| Kimerling18 | 1999, Tomsk City, Siberia, Russia | Retrospective laboratory based survey | 244 (nr)new cases | 32 | Age ⩽40 years | OR 1.2 (0.6 to 2.5) |
| Male sex | OR 0.9 (0.4 to 1.9) | |||||
| Unemployment | OR 0.8 (0.3 to 1.8) | |||||
| Good residence‡‡ | OR 2.1 (1.0 to 4.7) | |||||
| Prison history (10 years) | OR 1.4 (0.6 to 3.4) | |||||
| Drug addiction | OR 1.9 (0.5 to 7.2) | |||||
| Psychological disorders | OR 2.6 (0.8 to 8.8) | |||||
| Migliori29‡ | 1998–1999,Italy | Retrospective laboratory based survey | 810 (30) | 51 | Previous treatment among treated cases age ⩽45 v>45 years | RR 1.88 (1.31 to 2.70) |
| Fietta30‡ | 1990–2000, Pavia, Italy | Retrospective population based survey | 279 (nr) | 39 | HIV+ | OR 14.2 (3.5 to 57.4) |
| Immigration | OR 3.9 (1.2 to 12.6) | |||||