Comparison of inhaled corticosteroids and placebo for all-cause mortality per 100 patient-years in the various subgroups
| Inhaled corticosteroids | Placebo | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | p value for interaction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratios (HRs) were adjusted for age, sex, baseline post-bronchodilator FEV1, smoking status, body mass index, and individual trial (see Methods section for details). | ||||
| Overall | 1.57 | 2.10 | 0.73 (0.55 to 0.96) | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| <60 | 0.57 | 0.93 | 0.60 (0.33 to 1.07) | 0.443 |
| ⩾60 | 2.91 | 3.67 | 0.77 (0.56 to 1.06) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Women | 0.77 | 1.53 | 0.46 (0.24 to 0.91) | 0.234 |
| Men | 1.93 | 2.36 | 0.80 (0.58 to 1.09) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| <25 | 1.67 | 2.32 | 0.68 (0.47 to 0.99) | 0.686 |
| ⩾25 | 1.43 | 1.90 | 0.77 (0.50 to 1.17) | |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current | 1.23 | 1.44 | 0.87 (0.59 to 1.22) | 0.231 |
| Former | 2.79 | 4.52 | 0.60 (0.39 to 0.93) | |
| Baseline FEV1 | ||||
| <60% of predicted | 2.71 | 3.86 | 0.67 (0.48 to 0.94) | 0.707 |
| ⩾60% of predicted | 0.83 | 0.91 | 0.90 (0.54 to 1.53) | |
| Length of study | ||||
| ⩽12 months | 2.43 | 4.06 | 0.58 (0.31 to 1.10) | 0.609 |
| >12 months | 1.46 | 1.86 | 0.77 (0.56 to 1.05) | |
| Study medication | ||||
| Fluticasone | 3.61 | 5.18 | 0.70 (0.48 to 1.01) | 0.944 |
| Budesonide | 1.04 | 1.33 | 0.73 (0.42 to 1.27) | |
| Triamcinolone | 0.73 | 0.88 | 0.79 (0.38 to 1.63) | |