Association of adult respiratory symptoms and lung function with parental smoking in childhood in 7799 women
| Paternal smoking | Maternal smoking | Maternal smoking in pregnancy | One parent smoking | Both parents smoking | Dose- response | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI)* | p value | OR (95% CI)* | p value | OR (95% CI)* | p value | OR (95% CI)* | OR (95% CI)* | p value | |
| Wheeze | 0.95 (0.83 to 1.08) | 0.4 | 1.15 (1.01 to 1.31) | 0.032 | 1.39 (1.17 to 1.65) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.84 to 1.10) | 1.09 (0.92 to 1.28) | 0.3 |
| >3 asthma symptoms | 1.00 (0.87 to 1.14) | 0.9 | 1.16 (1.01 to 1.33) | 0.040 | 1.42 (1.18 to 1.71) | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.85 to 1.16) | 1.16 (0.97 to 1.39) | 0.1 |
| Current asthma | 0.84 (0.68 to 1.05) | 0.1 | 1.11 (0.88 to 1.40) | 0.4 | 1.28 (0.95 to 1.73) | 0.1 | 0.85 (0.66 to 1.08) | 0.94 (0.70 to 1.24) | 0.6 |
| Chronic bronchitis | 1.02 (0.85 to 1.23) | 0.8 | 1.22 (1.01 to 1.46) | 0.035 | 1.24 (0.97 to 1.58) | 0.083 | 0.97 (0.79 to 1.19) | 1.28 (1.01 to 1.61) | 0.040 |
| β coeff (95% CI)† | p value | β coeff (95% CI)† | p value | β coeff (95% CI)† | p value | β coeff (95% CI)† | β coeff (95% CI)† | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals as estimated by logistic regression adjusting for age, body mass index, number of siblings, current smoking, current environmental tobacco smoking, current occupation, and study centre. | |||||||||
| †Analysed with adjustment for height, age, weight, weight squared, number of siblings, current smoking, current environmental tobacco smoking, current occupation, and study centre. | |||||||||
| FEV1 (ml) | 4 (−16 to 24) | 0.7 | −24 (−46 to −3) | 0.025 | −23 (−52 to 7) | 0.1 | 0 (−21 to 22) | −19 (−46 to 7) | 0.2 |
| FVC (ml) | 5 (−18 to 28) | 0.7 | −3 (−27 to 21) | 0.8 | 13 (−21 to 47) | 0.5 | 5 (−19 to 30) | 4 (−26 to 34) | 0.8 |
| FEV1/FVC ratio (%) | −0.1 (−0.4 to 0.2) | 0.6 | −0.6 (−0.9 to −0.3) | <0.001 | −0.9 (−1.3 to −0.4) | <0.001 | −0.1 (−0.5 to 0.2) | −0.7 (−1.1 to −0.3) | 0.001 |
| BHR (ECRHS slope) | 0.02 (−0.10 to 0.14) | 0.7 | 0.01 (−0.12 to 0.14) | 0.9 | −0.03 (−0.21 to 0.15) | 0.7 | 0.04 (−0.09 to 0.17) | 0.03 (−0.13 to 0.19) | 0.7 |