Association of adult respiratory symptoms and lung function with parental smoking in childhood in 7678 men
| Paternal smoking | Maternal smoking | Maternal smoking in pregnancy | One parent smoking | Both parents smoking | Dose-response | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI)* | p value | OR (95% CI)* | p value | OR (95% CI)* | p value | OR (95% CI)* | OR (95% CI)* | p value | |
| Wheeze | 1.13 (1.00 to 1.28) | 0.058 | 1.11 (0.97 to 1.26) | 0.1 | 1.11 (0.95 to 1.28) | 0.3 | 1.08 (0.94 to 1.24) | 1.24 (1.05 to 1.47) | 0.010 |
| >3 asthma symptoms | 1.20 (1.03 to 1.39) | 0.022 | 1.11 (0.95 to 1.29) | 0.2 | 1.15 (0.91 to 1.48) | 0.3 | 1.08 (0.91 to 1.27) | 1.31 (1.08 to 1.59) | 0.007 |
| Current asthma | 0.95 (0.74 to 1.22) | 0.7 | 1.02 (0.79 to 1.33) | 0.9 | 0.98 (0.65 to 1.48) | 0.9 | 0.86 (0.66 to 1.12) | 0.99 (0.72 to 1.36) | 0.8 |
| Chronic bronchitis | 1.22 (1.02 to 1.45) | 0.031 | 1.16 (0.97 to 1.39) | 0.1 | 1.45 (1.12 to 1.88) | 0.005 | 1.21 (0.99 to 1.47) | 1.41 (1.12 to 1.77) | 0.004 |
| β coeff (95% CI)† | p value | β coeff (95% CI)† | p value | β coeff (95% CI)† | p value | β coeff (95% CI)† | β coeff (95% CI)† | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals as estimated by logistic regression adjusting for age, body mass index, number of siblings, current smoking, current environmental tobacco smoking, current occupation, and study centre. | |||||||||
| †Analysed with adjustment for height, age, weight, weight squared, number of siblings, current smoking, current environmental tobacco smoking, current occupation, and study centre. | |||||||||
| FEV1 (ml) | −15 (−42 to 13) | 0.3 | −22 (−52 to 7) | 0.1 | −31 (−78 to 16) | 0.2 | −14 (−43 to 16) | −40 (−77 to −3) | 0.037 |
| FVC (ml) | 4 (−27 to 36) | 0.8 | 0 (−34 to 35) | 1.0 | 27 (−27 to 81) | 0.3 | 1 (−33 to 35) | 6 (−37 to 49) | 0.8 |
| FEV1/FVC ratio (%) | −0.3 (−0.6 to 0.0) | 0.082 | −0.5 (−0.8 to −0.1) | 0.012 | −1.0 (−1.6 to −0.4) | <0.001 | −0.2 (−0.6 to 0.1) | −0.8 (−1.3 to −0.4) | <0.001 |
| BHR (ECRHS slope) | −0.01 (−0.11 to 0.10) | 0.9 | 0.05 (−0.06 to 0.17) | 0.4 | 0.05 (−0.14 to 0.23) | 0.6 | 0.08 (−0.04 to 0.19) | 0.03 (−0.11 to 0.17) | 0.6 |