Percentages and (numbers) of 2 year old children who consumed different foods on 6 or 7 days/week, crude prevalences of asthma and wheeze at age 3 in children who, at age 2, used different foods on a daily basis (“daily use”) compared with children with lower consumption frequencies (others) and adjusted odds ratios† for the relationship between daily consumption‡ of different foods at age 2 and prevalence of asthma and wheeze at age 3, stratified for parental allergy
| Foods | Percentage (n) daily users | “Ever asthma” | Recent asthma | Recent wheeze | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude % prevalence | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Crude % prevalence | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Crude % prevalence | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |||||
| “Daily use” | Others | “Daily use” | Others | “Daily use” | Others | |||||
| *p<0.05, §p<0.10 for difference in asthma or wheeze prevalence between daily users and less frequent consumers. | ||||||||||
| †Adjusted for consumption frequencies of foods shown in the table, consumption frequency of semi-skimmed milk, consumption frequency of margarine, sex, birth weight, presence of older sibling(s), maternal education, having been breast fed for ⩾8 weeks, and parental smoking in the home. | ||||||||||
| ‡For full cream milk and butter odds ratios are shown for daily consumption (on 6–7 days/week) compared with consumption less than once a week; for milk products and brown bread the prevalence of consumption less than once a week is less than 5% and therefore odds ratios are shown for daily consumption versus all others. | ||||||||||
| Neither parent allergic (n = 1816) | ||||||||||
| Full cream milk | 31.2 (n = 567) | 3.3* | 6.0 | 0.44 (0.22 to 0.91)* | 2.3* | 4.5 | 0.37 (0.16 to 0.84)* | 9.9* | 14.0 | 0.67 (0.41 to 1.07) |
| Milk products | 75.1 (n = 1364) | 4.6 | 6.7 | 0.70 (0.43 to 1.14) | 3.5 | 4.8 | 0.73 (0.41 to 1.30) | 11.5* | 16.2 | 0.70 (0.51 to 0.96)* |
| Brown bread | 82.8 (n = 1503) | 4.7 | 7.3 | 0.67 (0.39 to 1.15) | 3.5 | 5.2 | 0.69 (0.36 to 1.30) | 12.4 | 14.2 | 1.05 (0.72 to 1.54) |
| Butter | 7.0 (n = 126) | 4.0 | 5.2 | 0.80 (0.29 to 2.18) | 2.4 | 3.9 | 0.59 (0.17 to 2.05) | 8.2 | 13.0 | 0.53 (0.26 to 1.08) |
| Mother and/or father allergic (n = 1162) | ||||||||||
| Full cream milk | 33.5 (n = 389) | 6.6§ | 9.8 | 0.62 (0.32 to 1.18) | 5.0 | 7.3 | 0.65 (0.31 to 1.38) | 17.6 | 18.5 | 1.00 (0.61 to 1.62) |
| Milk products | 74.1 (n = 861) | 8.1 | 10.4 | 0.77 (0.48 to 1.24) | 6.4 | 7.0 | 0.92 (0.53 to 1.62) | 17.0§ | 21.7 | 0.67 (0.47 to 0.96)* |
| Brown bread | 85.2 (n = 990) | 7.8* | 14.3 | 0.49 (0.28 to 0.83)* | 5.8* | 10.8 | 0.47 (0.26 to 0.87)* | 17.9 | 20.0 | 0.91 (0.58 to 1.44) |
| Butter | 6.3 (n = 73) | 1.4* | 9.2 | 0.13 (0.02 to 0.98)* | 0* | 7.0 | 0 | 6.8* | 19.0 | 0.43 (0.15 to 1.23) |
| Only mother allergic (n = 295) | ||||||||||
| Full cream milk | 32.9 (n = 97) | 5.4 | 11.1 | 5.4 | 9.6 | 8.5* | 19.2 | |||
| Milk products | 73.9 (n = 218) | 8.9 | 10.1 | 8.4 | 7.5 | 16.0 | 14.8 | |||
| Brown bread | 84.8 (n = 250) | 8.1 | 15.6 | 6.9§ | 15.6 | 14.5 | 22.2 | |||
| Butter | 7.1 (n = 21) | 0 | 9.9 | 0 | 8.8 | 1.0 | 16.8 | |||