Sex (M/F) | 85/42 | 59/27 | 26/15 | 0.8 (0.3 to 1.7) | 0.7 |
Type of immunosuppression | | | | | |
HSCT | 40 (31) | 24 (28) | 16 (39) | – | 0.2 |
HM | 53 (42) | 39 (45) | 14 (34) | – | 0.3 |
SOT | 34 (27) | 23 (27) | 11 (27) | – | 1 |
Type of infection | | | | | |
Bacterial | 27 (38) | 18 (47) | 9 (28) | – | 0.2 |
Fungal | 29 (41) | 13 (34) | 16 (50) | – | 0.2 |
Viral | 14 (20) | 7 (18) | 7 (22) | – | 0.7 |
Age ⩾64 years* | 66 (53) | 45 (54) | 21 (53) | 0.9 (0.4 to 2.1) | 1 |
Bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph | 69 (54) | 38 (44) | 31 (76) | 4 (1.7 to 8.9) | 0.001 |
Neutropenia | 41 (34) | 26 (32) | 15 (37) | 1.3 (0.6 to 2.8) | 0.5 |
GVHD | 28 (43) | 17 (40) | 11 (46) | 1.2 (0.4 to 3.4) | 0.8 |
Delay in diagnosis ⩾7 days* | 43 (46) | 22 (38) | 21 (58) | 2.2 (0.9 to 5.2) | 0.05 |
APACHE II score ⩾18* | 59 (47) | 24 (28) | 35 (86) | 15 (5.6 to 40.4) | <0.0001 |
Mechanical ventilation | 51 (40) | 14 (16) | 37 (93) | 62.5 (16.9 to 231) | <0.0001 |
Infectious aetiology | 73 (72) | 40 (63) | 33 (87) | 3.7 (1.3 to 11.1) | 0.012 |
Inadequate empirical treatment | 34 (48) | 12 (32) | 22 (67) | 4.1 (1.5 to 11.3) | 0.008 |
BAL fluid† | | | | | |
Neutrophils >5% | 64 (60) | 39 (51) | 25 (83) | 4.8 (1.7 to 14) | 0.002 |
TNF-α >4 pg/ml | 70 (63) | 43 (56) | 27 (77) | 2.7 (1.1 to 6.6) | 0.036 |
IL-6 >40 pg/ml | 71 (63) | 43 (55) | 28 (80) | 3.1 (1.2 to 8.2) | 0.01 |
IL-8 >325 pg/ml | 33 (31) | 18 (24) | 15 (47) | 2.8 (1.1 to 6.7) | 0.02 |
Serum (day 1)† | | | | | |
IL-1β >62 pg/ml | 5 (7) | – | 5 (21) | 3.7 (2.5 to 5.2) | 0.003 |
IL-6 >192 pg/ml | 48 (66) | 27 (55) | 21 (88) | 5.7 (1.5 to 21.6) | 0.008 |
IL-8 >75 pg/ml | 25 (48) | 13 (35) | 12 (80) | 7.3 (1.7 to 31) | 0.005 |
IL-10 >10 pg/ml | 41 (79) | 26 (70) | 15 (100) | 1.5 (1.2 to 2) | 0.02 |
Serum (day 4)† | | | | | |
IL-6 >120 pg/ml | 19 (36) | 12 (28) | 7 (64) | 4.3 (1.1 to 17.7) | 0.04 |
CRP >5.6 mg/dl | 34 (58) | 21 (48) | 13 (87) | 7.2 (1.4 to 35.3) | 0.01 |