Relationship between consumption frequency† of full cream milk, milk products, butter and brown bread and prevalences of asthma and wheeze (n=2978)
| Regression models | “Ever asthma” (n=195) | Recent asthma (n=145) | Recent wheeze (n=442) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Values are presented as odds ratios (with 95% confidence intervals). | |||
| *p<0.05; **p<0.01. | |||
| †Odds ratios are shown for daily consumption and regular consumption v consumption less than once a week; for milk products and brown bread the prevalence of consumption less than once a week is less than 5% and therefore odds ratios are shown for daily consumption v all others. | |||
| Crude models | |||
| Full cream milk daily | 0.60 (0.42 to 0.85)** | 0.59 (0.40 to 0.88)* | 0.80 (0.64 to 1.00) |
| Full cream milk regularly | 0.99 (0.55 to 1.78) | 0.79 (0.38 to 1.65) | 0.91 (0.59 to 1.40) |
| Butter daily | 0.43 (0.19 to 0.97)* | 0.28 (0.09 to 0.88)* | 0.46 (0.27 to 0.79)** |
| Butter regularly | 1.02 (0.54 to 1.91) | 0.73 (0.32 to 1.67) | 1.08 (0.70 to 1.66) |
| Milk products daily | 0.71 (0.52 to 0.98)* | 0.81 (0.55 to 1.17) | 0.70 (0.56 to 0.88)** |
| Brown bread daily | 0.58 (0.41 to 0.82)** | 0.60 (0.40 to 0.89)* | 0.88 (0.67 to 1.16) |
| Adjusted model | |||
| Full cream milk daily | 0.54 (0.34 to 0.88)* | 0.53 (0.30 to 0.92)* | 0.81 (0.58 to 1.13) |
| Full cream milk regularly | 0.83 (0.44 to 1.59) | 0.73 (0.33 to 1.60) | 0.87 (0.54 to 1.40) |
| Butter daily | 0.42 (0.17 to 1.01) | 0.25 (0.07 to 0.82)* | 0.49 (0.28 to 0.87)* |
| Butter regularly | 0.97 (0.50 to 1.88) | 0.73 (0.31 to 1.72) | 1.12 (0.71 to 1.77) |
| Milk products daily | 0.74 (0.53 to 1.03) | 0.82 (0.55 to 1.21) | 0.68 (0.54 to 0.86)** |
| Brown bread daily | 0.60 (0.41 to 0.87)** | 0.60 (0.39 to 0.93)* | 1.0 (0.74 to 1.33) |
| Semi-skimmed milk daily | 0.83 (0.53 to 1.31) | 0.75 (0.45 to 1.26) | 0.99 (0.71 to 1.38) |
| Semi-skimmed milk regularly | 1.07 (0.64 to 1.80) | 0.72 (0.37 to 1.38) | 1.05 (0.72 to 1.52) |
| Margarine daily | 0.94 (0.62 to 1.42) | 0.82 (0.51 to 1.31) | 0.96 (0.71 to 1.29) |
| Margarine regularly | 1.03 (0.62 to 1.71) | 0.87 (0.48 to 1.57) | 0.96 (0.66 to 1.39) |
| Male sex | 2.20 (1.59 to 3.03)** | 2.26 (1.55 to 3.29)** | 1.52 (1.23 to 1.88)** |
| Birth weight (reference <3000 g) | |||
| 3000–3499 g | 0.73 (0.44 to 1.20) | 0.60 (0.34 to 1.08) | 0.77 (0.55 to 1.07) |
| 3500–3999 g | 0.90 (0.55 to 1.46) | 0.82 (0.48 to 1.40) | 0.76 (0.54 to 1.07) |
| ≥4000 g | 0.59 (0.34 to 1.03) | 0.65 (0.35 to 1.19) | 0.61 (0.42 to 0.90)* |
| Older sibling(s) present | 1.31 (0.95 to 1.80) | 1.41 (0.98 to 2.04) | 1.21 (0.97 to 1.51) |
| Father allergic | 1.58 (1.16 to 2.16)** | 1.41 (0.98 to 2.02) | 1.63 (1.31 to 2.02)** |
| Mother allergic | 1.81 (1.26 to 2.61)** | 2.16 (1.44 to 3.23)** | 1.30 (0.98 to 1.72) |
| Maternal education (reference low) | |||
| Intermediate | 1.23 (0.81 to 1.88) | 1.29 (0.79 to 2.10) | 1.10 (0.83 to 1.44) |
| High | 1.42 (0.88 to 2.28) | 1.36 (0.78 to 2.36) | 1.08 (0.80 to 1.46) |
| Breast fed ≥8 weeks | 0.69 (0.50 to 0.95)* | 0.63 (0.44 to 0.91)* | 0.62 (0.49 to 0.77)** |
| Smoking in the home | 0.83 (0.59 to 1.19) | 0.80 (0.53 to 1.20) | 1.12 (0.88 to 1.42) |