Distribution of indoor exposures in cases and controls and associated odds ratios
| Exposure | Level | Cases (No (%) exposed) | Controls (No (%) exposed) | Crude OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR* | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Adjusted for age, sex, and Carstairs deprivation index. | |||||||
| †For two highest categories combined in relation to the lowest. | |||||||
| CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; VOCs, volatile organic compounds. | |||||||
| Total VOCs (μg/m3) (n=409) | 0 to 176 | 49 (25.9%) | 58 (26.4%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 176.1 to 293 | 65 (34.4%) | 56 (25.5%) | 1.37 | 0.82 to 2.32 | 1.30 | 0.76 to 2.21 | |
| 293.1 to 506 | 36 (19.0%) | 53 (24.1%) | 0.80 | 0.46 to 1.42 | 0.72 | 0.40 to 1.30 | |
| >506 | 39 (20.6%) | 53 (24.1%) | 0.87 | 0.50 to 1.53 | 0.85 | 0.48 to 1.52 | |
| p Value | 0.22 | 0.20 | |||||
| p Trend | 0.29 | 0.25 | |||||
| Formaldehyde (μg/m3) (n=404) | 0 to 16 | 49 (25.8%) | 58 (27.1%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 16.1 to 22 | 46 (24.2%) | 48 (22.4%) | 1.13 | 0.65 to 1.98 | 1.14 | 0.65 to 2.00 | |
| 22.1 to 32 | 51 (26.8%) | 57 (26.6%) | 1.06 | 0.62 to 1.81 | 1.08 | 0.62 to 1.86 | |
| >32 | 44 (23.2%) | 51 (23.8%) | 1.02 | 0.59 to 1.78 | 1.04 | 0.59 to 1.82 | |
| p Value | 0.97 | 0.97 | |||||
| p Trend | 0.99 | 0.93 | |||||
| Living room damp (n=357) | Very low | 46 (27.5%) | 65 (34.2%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Low | 90 (53.9%) | 100 (52.6%) | 1.27 | 0.79 to 2.04 | 1.37 | 0.84 to 2.25 | |
| Moderate | 19 (11.4%) | 17 (8.9%) | 1.58 | 0.74 to 3.36 | 1.60 | 0.73 to 3.49 | |
| High | 12 (7.2%) | 8 (4.2%) | 2.12 | 0.80 to 5.60 | 2.48 | 0.90 to 6.82 | |
| p Value | 0.36 | 0.27 | |||||
| p Trend | 0.07 | 0.05 | |||||
| Kitchen damp (n=301) | Very low | 31 (22.1%) | 39 (24.2%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Low | 77 (55.0%) | 92 (57.1%) | 1.05 | 0.60 to 1.84 | 1.14 | 0.64 to 2.02 | |
| Moderate | 25 (17.9%) | 21 (13.0%) | 1.50 | 0.71 to 3.16 | 1.65 | 0.77 to 3.55 | |
| High | 7 (5.0%) | 9 (5.6%) | 0.98 | 0.33 to 2.92 | 1.03 | 0.33 to 3.16 | |
| p Value | 0.71 | 0.61 | |||||
| p Trend | 0.52 | 0.41 | |||||
| Bedroom damp n=355 | Very low | 57 (34.5%) | 81 (42.6%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Low | 90 (54.5%) | 88 (46.3%) | 1.45 | 0.93 to 2.28 | 1.49 | 0.94 to 2.36 | |
| Moderate | 16 (9.7%) | 15 (7.9%) | 1.22 † | 0.60 to 2.49 | 1.26 † | 0.60 to 2.64 | |
| High | 2 (1.2%) | 6 (3.2%) | |||||
| p Value | 0.26 | 0.24 | |||||
| p Trend | 0.25 | 0.23 | |||||
| Visible mould (n=415) | None | 183 (95%) | 221 (99%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 9 (5%) | 2 (1%) | 5.43 | 1.16 to 25.46 | 5.10 | 1.07 to 24.17 | |
| p Value | 0.03 | 0.04 | |||||
| Cotinine (n=411) | Absent | 147 (76.6%) | 183 (83.6%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Present | 45 (23.4%) | 36 (16.4%) | 1.56 | 0.95 to 2.54 | 1.41 | 0.84 to 2.37 | |
| p Value | 0.08 | 0.20 | |||||
| NO2 (μg/m3) (n=414) | 0 to 22 | 57 (29.8%) | 59 (26.5%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 22.1 to 34 | 43 (22.5%) | 57 (25.6%) | 0.78 | 0.46 to 1.34 | 0.66 | 0.38 to 1.16 | |
| 34.1 to 58 | 48 (25.1%) | 52 (23.3%) | 0.96 | 0.56 to 1.63 | 0.87 | 0.50 to 1.50 | |
| >58 | 43 (22.5%) | 55 (24.7%) | 0.81 | 0.47 to 1.39 | 0.67 | 0.38 to 1.18 | |
| p Value | 0.76 | 0.40 | |||||
| p Trend | 0.67 | 0.30 | |||||