Adjusted relationship of various factors to log transformed serum leptin values
| β coefficient (SE)* | p for trend | |
|---|---|---|
| FEV1=forced expiratory volume in 1 second; CRP=C reactive protein. | ||
| All values have been adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, race, body mass index, and lung function (see methods). | ||
| *A positive β coefficient denotes an increase while a negative number denotes a decrease in log transformed serum leptin values (in fg/l) compared with reference parameters. | ||
| †Change in serum leptin concentration (on a logarithmic scale) for every 1 unit increase. | ||
| FEV1 | ||
| Quintile 1 | 0.24 (0.03) | 0.001 |
| Quintile 2 | 0.19 (0.03) | |
| Quintile 3 | 0.16 (0.03) | |
| Quintile 4 | 0.08 (0.03) | |
| Quintile 5 | 0.0 (reference) | |
| Age (years) | ||
| 20–29 | 0.0 (reference) | 0.001 |
| 30–39 | 0.01 (0.03) | |
| 40–49 | 0.13 (0.03) | |
| 50–59 | 0.11 (0.03) | |
| 60–69 | 0.22 (0.03) | |
| 70+ | 0.18 (0.03) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||
| <21.2 | 0.0 (reference) | 0.001 |
| 21.2–22.9 | 0.35 (0.03) | |
| 23.0–24.4 | 0.56 (0.03) | |
| 24.5–25.9 | 0.76 (0.03) | |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 0.0 (reference) | 0.001 |
| Male | −1.18 (0.02) | |
| Race | ||
| White | 0.0 (reference) | 0.776 |
| Non-white | 0.01 (0.02) | |
| Smoking status | ||
| Ex-smokers | 0.0 (reference) | |
| Current smokers | −0.13 (0.03) | 0.001 |
| Never smokers | −0.03 (0.02) | 0.302 |
| CRP (mg/l) | ||
| ⩽2.1 | 0.0 (reference) | 0.001 |
| >2.1 | 0.09 (0.02) | |
| Fibrinogen (g/l)† | 0.06 (0.02) | 0.001 |
| Leucocytes (×103/μl)† | 0.02 (0.00) | 0.001 |