Association† (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval) between mortality and air pollutant, pollen and spores in patients with asthma, stratified according to number of emergency department admissions. Each odds ratio comes from a different model
| Only 1 admission | More than 1 admission | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interquartile range (μg/m3) | Asthma | Asthma | Asthma/COPD | |
| *p<0.05. | ||||
| †Adjusted for asthma epidemics, temperature, humidity, hot days, and influenza epidemics. | ||||
| ‡Odds ratio for the interquartile difference. | ||||
| ¶Odds ratio for a 10-fold increase. | ||||
| Daily values (μg/m3)‡ | ||||
| PM10 | 32.7 | 0.884 (0.672 to 1.162) | 1.084 (0.661 to 1.778) | 1.011 (0.746 to 1.368) |
| Black smoke | 25.6 | 1.109 (0.902 to 1.365) | 1.184 (0.783 to 1.790) | 1.126 (0.910 to 1.394) |
| NO2 (1 h) | 40.5 | 1.039 (0.859 to 1.257) | 1.483 (1.031 to 2.134)* | 1.055 (0.872 to 1.278) |
| NO2 (24 h) | 22.9 | 1.056 (0.872 to 1.279) | 1.579 (1.063 to 2.344)* | 1.024 (0.839 to 1.245) |
| O3 (1 h) | 48.0 | 1.096 (0.820 to 1.466) | 1.688 (0.978 to 2.643 | 0.946 (0.695 to 1.288) |
| O3 (8 h) | 47.2 | 1.080 (0.787 to 1.483) | 1.555 (0.892 to 2.712) | 0.946 (0.674 to 1.326) |
| SO2 | 27.5 | 1.142 (0.809 to 1.611) | 1.480 (0.528 to 4.152) | 1.193 (0.832 to 1.712) |
| CO | 7.2 | 1.127 (0.895 to 1.418) | 1.125 (0.773 to 1.638) | 0.815 (0.614 to 1.082) |
| Weekly values (counts/m3) | ||||
| Total pollen¶ | 0.756 (0.565 to 1.011) | 1.388 (0.723 to 2.663) | 1.207 (0.893 to 1.631) | |
| Gramineas¶ | 0.833 (0.616 to 1.126) | 1.064 (0.572 to 1.979) | 1.190 (0.880 to 1.609) | |
| Total spores¶ | 0.875 (0.609 to 1.258) | 1.024 (0.462 to 2.272) | 1.079 (0.703 to 1.654) | |
| Cladosporium¶ | 0.998 (0.817 to 1.219) | 0.951 (0.649 to 1.394) | 0.904 (0.737 to 1.111) | |
| Alternaria (>0) | 0.866 (0.594 to 1.264) | 1.185 (0.601 to 2.336) | 1.323 (0.880 to 1.989) | |
| Epicoccum (>0) | 0.860 (0.423 to 1.747) | 0.954 (0.247 to 3.752) | 1.392 (0.710 to 2.727) | |