Table 3

Relationship between demographic and disease-related variables and depression (CES-D) in patients with COPD (n=162): prevalence in subgroups and logistic regression analysis

nCES-D ≥16Crude OR (95% CI)Adjusted OR† (95% CI)
*p<0.01 (χ2 test).
†Adjusted for all other variables.
‡Score = 71.98 on symptoms dimension SGRQ (mean + 1 SD).
§Score = 68.69 on activities dimension SGRQ (mean + 1 SD).
≥65 years9917 (17.2%)0.5 (0.2 to 1.1)0.7 (0.2 to 1.9)
<65 years6318 (28.6%)1.01.0
Men11621 (18.1%)0.5 (0.2 to 1.1)0.8 (0.3 to 2.2)
Women4614 (30.4%)1.01.0
NHS insurance12228 (23.0%)1.4 (0.5 to 3.4)1.3 (0.4 to 4.4)
Private insurance39 7 (17.9%)1.01.0
Low education13729 (21.2%)0.9 (0.3 to 2.7)0.8 (0.2 to 3.0)
High education22 5 (22.7%)1.01.0
Living alone4015 (37.5%)*3.1 (1.4 to 6.8)2.8 (1.0 to 7.8)
Living with others12220 (16.4%)1.01.0
Presence comorbidity10225 (24.5%)1.8 (0.7 to 4.5)2.4 (0.7 to 8.1)
Absence comorbidity46 7 (15.2%)1.01.0
FEV1 <50% predicted6015 (25.0%)1.4 (0.6 to 2.9)0.8 (0.3 to 2.5)
FEV1 ≥50% predicted10220 (19.6%)1.01.0
Reversibility ≤1.1%2913 (44.8%)*4.1 (1.7 to 9.7)3.7 (1.3 to 11.0)
Reversibility 1.1–12%13322 (16.5%)1.01.0
Severe symptoms‡3313 (39.4%)*3.2 (1.4 to 7.3)2.8 (0.9 to 8.6)
Mild to moderate symptoms12922 (17.1%)1.01.0
Severe impaired physical function§2010 (50.0%)*4.7 (1.8 to 12.4)5.6 (1.6 to 19.9)
Mild to moderate impaired physical function14225 (17.6%)1.01.0