Differences in nosocomial pneumonia affecting non-ventilated and ventilated patients (ventilator associated pneumonia, VAP)
| Non-ventilated patients | Ventilated patients | |
|---|---|---|
| GNEB = Gram negative enteric microorganisms; PDRM = potentially drug resistant microorganisms; TTA = transthoracic aspiration; TBAS = tracheobronchial secretions. | ||
| Incidence | Relatively low | High |
| Aetiology | GNEB, Legionella spp | Core pathogens; PDRM |
| Mortality | Probably relatively low | 30–50% |
| Diagnosis | Clinical; sputum; virtually no data on bronchoscopy | Clinical; TBAS; bronchoscopy |
| Antibiotics | Monotherapy < 5 days; combination if > 5 days | Early onset: monotherapy Late onset: combination therapy |
| Prevention | General measures of infection control | Additionally, measures to reduce risk factors assocaited with intubation |