Oral and parenteral opioid studies |
Bruera9 | 10 | Change | –14 | 4 | 23.52 | –18 | 10.5/10.5† | –0.77 (–1.65 to 0.11) |
Chua10 | 12 | Post | 2.91 | 3.60 | 0.82 | –0.69 | 0.33/0.18 | –0.85 (–1.28 to –0.42) |
Eiser11 (a) | 10 | Post | 7.0 | 6.5 | 2.3 | 0.5 | 1.03/0.58* | 0.22 (–0.27 to 0.71) |
Eiser11 (b) | 8 | Post | 6.2 | 6.1 | 1.98 | 0.1 | 0.99/0.71 | 0.05 (–0.66 to 0.76) |
Johnson12 | 18 | Post | 6.7 | 7.6 | 2.11 | –0.9 | 0.7/0.23 | –0.43 (–0.62 to –0.23) |
Light13 | 7 | Change | –0.14 | 0.14 | 0.49 | –0.28 | 0.26/0.26† | –0.57 (–1.61 to 0.47) |
Poole14 | 14 | Change | –2.50 | –0.44 | 4.38 | –2.06 | 1.66/1.35 | –0.47 (–1.06 to 0.12) |
Woodcock15 | 12 | Change | –1.39 | –0.16 | 1.61 | –1.23 | 0.66/0.66† | –0.77 (–1.57 to 0.03) |
Woodcock16 | 11 | Post | –45.1 | –42.5 | 9.25 | –2.6 | 3.95/2.23* | –0.28 (–0.75 to 0.19) |
Nebulised opioid studies |
Davis19 | 70 | Change | –9.58 | –7.66 | 20.89 | –1.91 | 3.53/3.3 | –0.09 (–0.41 to 0.22) |
Leung22 | 10 | Change | –0.72 | –0.45 | 1.05 | –0.28 | 0.47/0.53 | –0.26 (–1.26 to 0.74) |
Noseda24 | 14 | Post | 37.2 | 40.3 | 27.13 | –3.1 | 10.3/4.07 | –0.11 (–0.40 to 0.18) |
| | | | | | | | |
Meta-analysis | No of studies | Test for heterogeneity | Test for overall effect | SMD (95% CI) |
All studies | 12 | Q=19.4 (p=0.05) | p=0.0008 | –0.31 (–0.50 to –0.13) |
Non-nebulised studies | 9 | Q=13.86 (p=0.09) | p=0.0006 | –0.40 (–0.63 to –0.17) |
Nebulised studies | 3 | Q=0.1(p=0.95) | p=0.31 | –0.11 (–0.32 to 0.10) |
COPD studies | 9 | Q=10.47(p=0.2) | p=0.004 | –0.26 (–0.44 to 0.08) |