Table 6

Results of the final models for the entire panel during the summer period: estimated effect size (change in ΔPEF (l/min) or symptom odds per pollutant rise across interquartile range) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mass concentration of particulates and gaseous pollutants

	Lag
Pollutant	0	1 day	2 days	3 days	7 day mean
*p<0.05 (t test) to determine probability that effect size different from zero (PEF) or 1 (symptom odds).
HNO ₃ (μg/m ³ ): size of interquartile range 1.3
ΔPEF
Morning
Effect size	−1.09	0.53	0.72	2.26*	−0.59
Upper 95% CI	1.07	2.81	3.06	4.43	6.14
Lower 95% CI	−3.26	−1.74	−1.62	0.08	−7.31
Afternoon
Effect size	−0.08	−0.72	0.36	−1.92	−4.67
Upper 95% CI	1.97	1.40	2.49	0.17	0.96
Lower 95% CI	−2.14	−2.84	−1.77	−4.01	−10.29

Prevalent symptoms
Cough
Effect size	1.09*	1.01	0.94	0.89*	0.66*
Upper 95% CI	1.19	1.11	1.03	0.97	0.88
Lower 95% CI	1.00	0.92	0.86	0.82	0.49
Ill
Effect size	0.92	0.98	0.95	1.04	0.79
Upper 95% CI	1.04	1.12	1.08	1.18	1.34
Lower 95% CI	0.83	0.86	0.83	0.92	0.46
SOB
Effect size	1.04	1.01	0.99	0.95	1.02
Upper 95% CI	1.21	1.18	1.15	1.10	1.61
Lower 95% CI	0.90	0.86	0.85	0.82	0.65
Wake
Effect size	0.83*	0.76*	0.94	0.89	0.93
Upper 95% CI	0.99	0.92	1.12	1.05	1.73
Lower 95% CI	0.69	0.62	0.78	0.75	0.50
Wheeze
Effect size	0.93	0.87	0.87	0.7*	0.71
Upper 95% CI	1.09	1.02	1.04	0.82	1.20
Lower 95% CI	0.80	0.74	0.73	0.60	0.43

SO ₄ ²⁻ (μg/m ³ ): size of interquartile range 3.1
ΔPEF
Morning
Effect size	−0.72	−1.69	1.35	3.38*	2.98
Upper 95% CI	1.82	0.90	3.97	5.72	10.13
Lower 95% CI	−3.27	−4.28	−1.27	1.03	−4.17
Afternoon
Effect size	−0.32	0.84	−0.08	−0.25	−2.20
Upper 95% CI	2.17	3.30	2.44	2.19	5.12
Lower 95% CI	−2.81	−1.63	−2.61	−2.69	−9.51

Prevalent symptoms
Cough
Effect size	1.08	1.03	0.97	0.9*	0.73*
Upper 95% CI	1.20	1.15	1.07	0.99	0.97
Lower 95% CI	0.98	0.93	0.88	0.82	0.54
Ill
Effect size	0.98	0.97	1.01	0.95	0.72
Upper 95% CI	1.11	1.12	1.16	1.09	1.12
Lower 95% CI	0.86	0.84	0.88	0.84	0.46
SOB
Effect size	0.95	1.07	1.04	0.94	0.58
Upper 95% CI	1.14	1.28	1.24	1.12	1.04
Lower 95% CI	0.80	0.89	0.87	0.80	0.33
Wake
Effect size	0.95	0.81*	0.93	0.87	0.77
Upper 95% CI	1.16	0.99	1.13	1.05	1.48
Lower 95% CI	0.78	0.67	0.76	0.72	0.41
Wheeze
Effect size	0.97	1.09	1.00	0.81*	1.30
Upper 95% CI	1.17	1.32	1.22	0.97	2.50
Lower 95% CI	0.80	0.89	0.82	0.69	0.68

NO ₃ ⁻ (μg/m ³ ): size of interquartile range 3.7
ΔPEF
Morning
Effect size	−0.80	0.68	1.42	2.54*	1.74
Upper 95% CI	1.15	2.67	3.58	4.59	6.13
Lower 95% CI	−2.74	−1.31	−0.73	0.48	−2.66
Afternoon
Effect size	−0.72	−0.59	−0.33	0.66	0.47
Upper 95% CI	1.03	1.18	1.45	2.58	4.29
Lower 95% CI	−2.47	−2.36	−2.11	−1.26	−3.36

Prevalent symptoms
Cough
Effect size	1.05	1.01	0.95	0.89*	0.81*
Upper 95% CI	1.13	1.10	1.03	0.96	0.97
Lower 95% CI	0.97	0.93	0.88	0.83	0.68
Ill
Effect size	0.97	0.98	0.95	0.94	0.74
Upper 95% CI	1.09	1.10	1.06	1.05	1.03
Lower 95% CI	0.87	0.87	0.85	0.85	0.54
SOB
Effect size	1.04	1.12	1.04	0.90	1.06
Upper 95% CI	1.18	1.28	1.20	1.03	1.43
Lower 95% CI	0.90	0.98	0.90	0.79	0.78
Wake
Effect size	0.94	0.86	0.94	0.92	0.95
Upper 95% CI	1.09	1.01	1.11	1.07	1.47
Lower 95% CI	0.80	0.72	0.79	0.79	0.62
Wheeze
Effect size	1.01	0.96	0.95	0.87	1.04
Upper 95% CI	1.17	1.11	1.10	1.01	1.60
Lower 95% CI	0.87	0.83	0.82	0.75	0.67