Background and history: | | | | | |
Age | | | | | |
<65 | 279 | 19 | 6.8 | 1.0 | |
65–9 | 211 | 21 | 10.0 | 1.5 | 0.8 to 2.7 |
70–4 | 311 | 50 | 16.1 | 2.4 | 1.4 to 3.9 |
75–9 | 276 | 41 | 14.9 | 2.2 | 1.3 to 3.7 |
80+ | 259 | 52 | 20.1 | 3.0 | 1.8 to 4.9 |
NK | 6 | 1 | | | |
Performance status | | | | | |
Normal activity | 104 | 2 | 1.9 | 1.0 | |
Strenuous activity limited | 143 | 10 | 7.0 | 3.6 | 0.8 to 16.1 |
Limited but self-care | 419 | 46 | 11.0 | 5.7 | 1.4 to 23.1 |
Limited self-care | 358 | 77 | 21.5 | 11.2 | 2.8 to 44.8 |
Bed care, no self-care | 39 | 15 | 38.5 | 20.0 | 4.8 to 83.5 |
NK | 279 | 34 | 12.2 | | |
Home circumstances | | | | | |
Alone no support | 187 | 17 | 9.1 | 1.0 | |
Spouse/close relative | 754 | 99 | 13.1 | 1.4 | 0.9 to 2.4 |
Alone with support | 271 | 48 | 17.7 | 1.9 | 1.2 to 3.3 |
Nursing home | 54 | 13 | 24.1 | 2.7 | 1.4 to 5.1 |
Other and NK | 76 | 7 | 9.2 | 1.0 | 0.4 to 2.3 |
| | | | | |
Assessment and measurements on admission: | | | | | |
Bilateral leg oedema | | | | | |
Yes | 338 | 71 | 21.0 | 2.4 | 1.7 to 3.3 |
No | 552 | 49 | 8.9 | 1.0 | |
NK | 452 | 64 | 14.2 | | |
Admission PEF (l/min) | | | | | |
Not done | 653 | 107 | 16.4 | 2.7 | 1.5 to 4.9 |
Unrecordable | 109 | 22 | 20.2 | 3.3 | 1.7 to 6.5 |
≤150 | 336 | 29 | 8.6 | 1.4 | 0.7 to 2.7 |
>150 | 179 | 11 | 6.1 | 1.0 | |
NK | 65 | 15 | 23.1 | | |
Sao2 (%) | | | | | |
<86 | 166 | 44 | 26.5 | 2.3 | 1.6 to 3.2 |
86–92 | 256 | 36 | 14.1 | 1.2 | 0.8 to 1.8 |
>92 | 590 | 68 | 11.5 | 1.0 | |
NK | 330 | 36 | 10.9 | | |
pH | | | | | |
<7.26 | 68 | 28 | 41.2 | 3.8 | 2.7 to 5.4 |
7.26–7.34 | 146 | 30 | 20.5 | 1.9 | 1.3 to 2.8 |
7.35+ | 831 | 89 | 10.7 | 1.0 | |
NK | 297 | 37 | 12.5 | | |
| | | | | |
Initial management (within the first 24 hours): | | | | | |
Repeat of blood gas measurements | | | | | |
Yes | 430 | 84 | 19.5 | 2.0 | 1.5 to 2.7 |
No | 603 | 59 | 9.8 | 1.0 | |
NK | 34 | 5 | 14.7 | | |
No record of test on admission | 275 | 36 | 13.1 | | |
IPPV or NIPPV | | | | | |
Yes | 39 | 17 | 43.6 | 3.4 | 2.3 to 5.0 |
No | 1303 | 167 | 12.8 | 1.0 | |