Examples of mouse models where overexpression of a protein leads to emphysema
| Mediator | Promotor | Lung pathology | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rtTa=reverse tetracycline transactivator; CC-10=Clara cell 10 kD promotor; SP-C=surfactant apoprotein C. | ||||
| Interleukin 13 | CC10-rtTA | Emphysema with enhanced lung volumes and compliance, mucus metaplasia, and inflammation | • Increased MMP-2, -9, -12, -13, and -14 and cathepsins B, S, L, H, and K | 49 |
| • Treatment with MMP or cysteine proteinase antagonists significantly decreased the emphysema and inflammation but not the mucus | ||||
| Interferon-γ | CC10-rtTA | Emphysema with alveolar enlargement, enhanced lung volumes, enhanced pulmonary compliance | • Increased macrophage and neutrophil in BAL fluid | 48 |
| • Decreased secretory leucoproteinase inhibitor | ||||
| • Increased MMP-12, MMP-9, cathepsins B, H, D, S, and L | ||||
| Human interstitial collagenase (MMP-1) | Haptoglobulin | Disruption of alveolar walls and coalescence of alveolar spaces | • ? degradation of collagen by collagenase | 50 |